Classification and Antigen Molecules of Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

Biomolecules. 2023 Apr 20;13(4):703. doi: 10.3390/biom13040703.

Abstract

Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), which are a group of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases of the skin, present with various blistering lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and show autoantibodies of IgG, IgA and IgM against epidermal cell surfaces and basement membrane zone. To date, AIBDs have been classified into a number of distinct subtypes by clinical and histopathological findings, and immunological characteristics. In addition, various biochemical and molecular biological studies have identified various novel autoantigens in AIBDs, which has resulted in proposals of new subtypes of AIBDs. In this article, we summarized various distinct AIBDs, and proposed the latest and most comprehensive classification of AIBDs with their autoantigen molecules.

Keywords: autoantibody; autoantigen molecules; autoimmune bullous diseases; classification; nomenclature; pemphigoid; pemphigus; subtypes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Autoantibodies
  • Autoantigens* / immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / classification
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous* / classification
  • Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous* / immunology
  • Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous* / pathology

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Autoantigens

Grants and funding

This study was supported by a JSPS Kakenhi Grant (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)) (Number 21K08331) to Takashi Hashimoto.