Prognostic Scores and Survival Rates by Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review

Evelyn Calderon-Martinez; Samanta Landazuri-Navas; Esmeralda Vilchez; Raul Cantu-Hernandez; Johanna Mosquera-Moscoso; Sebastian Encalada; Zahraa Al Lami; Christian Zevallos-Delgado; John Cinicola

doi:10.14740/jocmr4902

Prognostic Scores and Survival Rates by Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review

J Clin Med Res. 2023 Apr;15(4):200-207. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4902. Epub 2023 Apr 28.

Authors

Evelyn Calderon-Martinez¹, Samanta Landazuri-Navas², Esmeralda Vilchez³, Raul Cantu-Hernandez⁴, Johanna Mosquera-Moscoso², Sebastian Encalada², Zahraa Al Lami⁵, Christian Zevallos-Delgado⁶, John Cinicola¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburg, Harrisburg, PA, USA.
² Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Americas, Quito, Ecuador.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Guadalajara, Mexico.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies, Mexico.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer and ranks sixth among all malignancies worldwide. Risk factors for HCC can be classified as infectious or behavioral. Viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse are currently the most common risk factors for HCC; however, nonalcoholic liver disease is expected to become the most common cause of HCC in upcoming years. HCC survival rates vary according to the causative risk factors. As in any malignancy, staging is crucial in making therapeutic decisions. The selection of a specific score should be individualized according to patient characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current data on epidemiology, risk factors, prognostic scores, and survival in HCC.

Keywords: Cancer; Hepatocellular; Mortality; Survival.

Publication types

Review