Heavy metal contamination of selected mining fields in North-Central Nigeria

Muyiwa Michael Orosun; Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi; Mojisola Rachael Usikalu; Hussein Kehinde Okoro; Hitler Louis; Maxwell Omeje; Emmanuel Olusegun Ehinlafa; Kayode John Oyewumi

doi:10.1016/j.mex.2023.102201

Heavy metal contamination of selected mining fields in North-Central Nigeria

MethodsX. 2023 Apr 26:10:102201. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102201. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Muyiwa Michael Orosun¹, Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi², Mojisola Rachael Usikalu³, Hussein Kehinde Okoro⁴, Hitler Louis⁵, Maxwell Omeje³, Emmanuel Olusegun Ehinlafa¹, Kayode John Oyewumi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
² Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, Nigeria.
³ Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
⁴ Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

Abstract

This study evaluates the causes, concentration and the associated health risks of selected heavy metals (HMs) in soil samples collected from beryllium and gold mining fields in Nigeria. The samples of soil were collected manually and analysed by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Seventy-two (72) samples were analysed which presented varying degrees of concentration of the selected HMs. The analysed HMs are Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb). Deterministic and stochastic approaches were explore to examine the human health risks. The evaluated Hazard Indices (HI) for the investigated mining locations are < 1, the recommended threshold provided by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for acceptable non-cancer risk. The estimated cancer risk levels for the mining locations exceeds the acceptable range of 1.00E-6 and 1.00E-4.•Thus, the mining is making significant contribution to HMs pollution, which is dangerous human health.•However, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) reveals that the 95th, 50th and 5th percentiles of the cumulative probability of the cancer risks are within the acceptable range.•This work will be useful for decision makers in mitigating heavy metals contamination due to mining activities.

Keywords: Beryllium; Dataset; Gold; Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals; Mining; Potentially toxic element; Soil.