Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis, V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source

Syed Aizaz Ali Shah; Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi; Muhammad Zahid Qureshi; Saleh S Alhewairini; Anber Saleem; Adnan Zeb

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103646

Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis, V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2023 Jun;30(6):103646. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103646. Epub 2023 Apr 13.

Authors

Syed Aizaz Ali Shah¹, Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi¹, Muhammad Zahid Qureshi², Saleh S Alhewairini³, Anber Saleem⁴, Adnan Zeb⁵

Affiliations

¹ Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
² Deanship of Educational Services, Department of Biochemistry, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Anatomy, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

Abstract

In current study the pharmaceutically active herbs was used against coccidiosis, caused by a protozoan: Eimeria, lead to $ 3 billion loss annually. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of whole plants were applied in-vitro to assess sporulation inhibition (spi) assay and calculated the inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). For in-vivo study 9 groups of 14 day old broiler chicks were infected with Eimeria tenella and three groups were treated different concentrations of methanolic extracts of Verbena officinalis and Polygonum glabrum post infection. The mean weight gain, oocyst count, diarrhea, biochemical tests, hematology, and histopathology of all groups were analyzed. The herbs were characterized by antioxidant assay, phytochemical screening, Fourier transmission and infrared (FT-IR), Ultra Violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The GC-MS identified phyto-compounds of V. officinalis were docked with S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) synthetase. The in-vitro study revealed that V. officinalis and P. glabrum have minimum IC₅₀ of 0.14 and 12 mg/ml respectively. The in-vivo experiment showed that V. officinalis had significantly high anticoccidial potential with significant hematological profile like drug treated controls. The histology of treated chicks also showed recovery in the studied tissues. The antioxidant assay showed that V. officinalis have 4.19U/mg Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 33.96 µM/mg Glutathione (GSH) quantities. The chemical characterization confirmed the presence of large number of organic compounds, however Flavonoids found only in V. officinalis, which suggests the anticoccidial potential of V. officinalis because flavonoids as antagonist of thiamine (Prinzo, 1999), because it promotes the carbohydrate synthesis required. Strychane, 1-acetyl-20a-hydroxy-16-methylene has best binding of with target protein with lowest binding score (-6.4 Kcal/mol), suggests its anticoccidial potential in poultry.

Keywords: Avain coccidiosis; Eimeria tenella; Polygonum glabrum; ROSS 308 broiler chicks; Verbena officinalis.