Toward Earth system modeling with resolved clouds and ocean submesoscales on heterogeneous many-core HPCs

Shaoqing Zhang; Shiming Xu; Haohuan Fu; Lixin Wu; Zhao Liu; Yang Gao; Chun Zhao; Wubing Wan; Lingfeng Wan; Haitian Lu; Chenling Li; Yanfei Liu; Xiaojing Lv; Jiayu Xie; Yangyang Yu; Jun Gu; Xuantong Wang; Yan Zhang; Chenhui Ning; Yunlong Fei; Xiuwen Guo; Zhaoying Wang; Xue Wang; Zhenming Wang; Binglin Qu; Mingkui Li; Haoran Zhao; Yingjing Jiang; Guang Yang; Lv Lu; Hong Wang; Hong An; Xin Zhang; Yu Zhang; Wentao Ma; Fujiang Yu; Jing Xu; Xiaopei Lin; Xueshun Shen

doi:10.1093/nsr/nwad069

Toward Earth system modeling with resolved clouds and ocean submesoscales on heterogeneous many-core HPCs

Natl Sci Rev. 2023 Mar 20;10(6):nwad069. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwad069. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Authors

Shaoqing Zhang^{1

2}, Shiming Xu^{3

4}, Haohuan Fu^{3

4}, Lixin Wu^{1

2}, Zhao Liu^{3

4}, Yang Gao^{5

2}, Chun Zhao⁶, Wubing Wan⁴, Lingfeng Wan^{1

2}, Haitian Lu⁴, Chenling Li⁴, Yanfei Liu⁴, Xiaojing Lv⁴, Jiayu Xie⁴, Yangyang Yu¹, Jun Gu⁶, Xuantong Wang³, Yan Zhang³, Chenhui Ning³, Yunlong Fei¹, Xiuwen Guo⁵, Zhaoying Wang¹, Xue Wang¹, Zhenming Wang¹, Binglin Qu⁵, Mingkui Li^{1

2}, Haoran Zhao¹, Yingjing Jiang¹, Guang Yang¹, Lv Lu¹, Hong Wang^{1

2}, Hong An⁷, Xin Zhang⁸, Yu Zhang⁹, Wentao Ma¹⁰, Fujiang Yu⁹, Jing Xu¹¹, Xiaopei Lin^{1

2}, Xueshun Shen¹²

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study/Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (DOMES), College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 260003, China.
² Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266201, China.
³ Ministry of Education Key Lab for Earth System Modeling, and Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
⁴ National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Wuxi 214100, China.
⁵ Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
⁶ Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
⁷ School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
⁸ CEAKJ ADPRHexa Inc., Shaoguan 512026, China.
⁹ National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China.
¹⁰ State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
¹¹ Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
¹² The Center of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China.

Abstract

With the aid of the newly developed 'Sunway' heterogeneous-architecture supercomputer, which has world-leading HPC (high-performance computer) capability, a series of high-resolution coupled Earth system models (SW-HRESMs) with up to 5 km of atmosphere and 3 km of ocean have been developed. These models can meet the needs of multiscale interaction studies with different computational costs. Here we describe the progress of SW-HRESMs development, with an overview of the major advancements made by the international Earth science community in HR-ESMs. We also show the preliminary results of SW-HRESMs with regard to capturing major weather-climate extremes in the atmosphere and ocean, stressing the importance of permitted clouds and ocean submesoscale eddies in modeling tropical cyclones and eddy-mean flow interactions, and paving the way for further model development to resolve finer scales with even higher resolution and more realistic physics. Finally, in addition to increasing model resolution, the development procedure for a non-hydrostatic cloud and ocean submesoscale resolved ESM is discussed, laying out the major scientific directions of such a huge modeling advancement.

Keywords: cloud and submesoscale resolving; finer cross-scale interactions; heterogeneous supercomputer; high-resolution Earth system models; weather-climate extremes.