The effect of thickness and elastic modulus of the anterior talofibular ligament on anterior ankle joint stiffness: A subject-specific finite element study

Linjing Peng; Lu Yu; Jingyi Jia; Yaokai Gan; Angang Ding; Ping Xiong; Yichen Zhao; Yifei Yao

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1175347

The effect of thickness and elastic modulus of the anterior talofibular ligament on anterior ankle joint stiffness: A subject-specific finite element study

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Apr 25:11:1175347. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1175347. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Linjing Peng^{1

2}, Lu Yu^{1

2}, Jingyi Jia^{1

2}, Yaokai Gan^{2

3}, Angang Ding⁴, Ping Xiong⁴, Yichen Zhao¹, Yifei Yao^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
² Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Ankle sprain is a frequent type of sports injury leading to lateral ligament injury. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is a primary ligamentous stabilizer of the ankle joint and typically the most vulnerable ligament injured in a lateral ankle sprain (LAS). This study aimed to quantitively investigate the effect of the thickness and elastic modulus of ATFL on anterior ankle joint stiffness (AAJS) by developing nine subject-specific finite element (FE) models under acute injury, chronic injury, and control conditions of ATFL. A 120 N forward force was applied at the posterior calcaneus leading to an anterior translation of the calcaneus and talus to simulate the anterior drawer test (ADT). In the results, the ratio of the forward force to the talar displacement was used to assess the AAJS, which increased by 5.85% in the acute group and decreased by 19.78% in the chronic group, compared to those of the control group. An empirical equation described the relationship between AAJS, thickness, and elastic modulus (R-square 0.98). The equation proposed in this study provided an approach to quantify AAJS and revealed the effect of the thickness and the elastic modulus of ATFL on ankle stability, which may shed light on the potential diagnosis of lateral ligament injury.

Keywords: anterior ankle joint stiffness; anterior talofibular ligament; finite element analysis; lateral ankle sprains; ultrasound elastography.

Grants and funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32201067); Cross Research Seed Fund of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (20210401); Key Projects of the National Defense Foundation Strengthening Plan (2020-JCJQ-ZD-264-4-8).