Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity attributes of immobilized Bacillus cereus treated and untreated textile effluents on Vigna mungo seeds and Artemia franciscana larvae

Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan; Almohannad Baabbad; Muhammad Farooq Khan; Rajasree Shanmuganathan; Freedon Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116111

Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity attributes of immobilized Bacillus cereus treated and untreated textile effluents on Vigna mungo seeds and Artemia franciscana larvae

Environ Res. 2023 Aug 15;231(Pt 1):116111. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116111. Epub 2023 May 11.

Authors

Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan¹, Almohannad Baabbad², Muhammad Farooq Khan², Rajasree Shanmuganathan³, Freedon Daniel⁴

Affiliations

¹ Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box; 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: wadaan@ksu.edu.sa.
² Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box; 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
³ University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, 201204, India. Electronic address: erfreedon@gmail.com.

PMID: 37178746
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116111

Abstract

The physicochemical attributes of textile effluents collected from secondary treatment stage was investigated in this study and also assess the biosorption potential of membrane immobilized Bacillus cereus and free form of Bacillus cereus on textile effluent through bioreactor model study to find a sustainable solution to manage the textile effluent as vital need. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity nature of treated and untreated textile effluents on Vigna mungo and Artemia franciscana larvae under laboratory conditions as a novel approach. The textile effluent physicochemical parameter analysis results showed that the properties such as colour (Hazen unit), pH, turbidity, As, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, SO₄^2-, and Zn were beyond the acceptable limits. Bacillus cereus immobilized on a polyethylene membrane eliminated greater amounts of dye (25.0 ± 1.3, 56.5 ± 1.8, 57.18 ± 1.5, and 54.34 ± 1.7 Hazen unit from An1, Ae2, Ve3, and So4 respectively) and pollutants (As: 0.9-2.0, Cd: 6-8, Cr: 300-450, Cu: 5-7, Hg: 0.1-0.7, Ni: 8-14, Pb: 4-5, and Zn: 4-8 mg L^-1) from textile effluent in a week of biosorption investigation using a bioreactor model (batch type) compared to a free form of B. cereus on textile effluent. The phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity study results revealed that the membrane immobilized B. cereus treated textile effluent exposure showed reduced phytotoxicity and minimal cytotoxicity (including mortality) percentage compared with free form B. cereus treated and untreated textile effluents. These entire results conclude that the membrane immobilized B. cereus may considerably minimize/detoxify the harmful pollutants from the textile effluents. A large scale level biosorption approach need to be performed to validate the maximum pollutants removing potential of this membrane immobilized bacteria species and optimal conditions for effective remediation.

Keywords: Bacillus cereus; Cytotoxicity; Physicochemical parameters; Phytotoxicity; Textile effluents.

MeSH terms

Animals
Artemia
Bacillus cereus
Biodegradation, Environmental
Cadmium / analysis
Coloring Agents / chemistry
Coloring Agents / toxicity
Environmental Pollutants* / analysis
Lead / analysis
Mercury* / analysis
Seeds / chemistry
Textile Industry
Textiles
Vigna*
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

Cadmium
Lead
Environmental Pollutants
Mercury
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Coloring Agents