Coastal Halophytes: Potent Source of Bioactive Molecules from Saline Environment

Milan Stanković; Zorica Stojanović-Radić; Dragana Jakovljević; Nenad Zlatić; Milica Luković; Zora Dajić-Stevanović

doi:10.3390/plants12091857

Coastal Halophytes: Potent Source of Bioactive Molecules from Saline Environment

Plants (Basel). 2023 Apr 30;12(9):1857. doi: 10.3390/plants12091857.

Authors

Milan Stanković¹, Zorica Stojanović-Radić², Dragana Jakovljević¹, Nenad Zlatić¹, Milica Luković³, Zora Dajić-Stevanović⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
² Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
³ Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, University of Kragujevac, 36210 Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia.
⁴ Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.

Abstract

This study represents a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of 24 halophytes from coastal saline habitats of the Balkan Peninsula (Montenegro, Albania, and Greece). Total content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity was determined for dry methanolic (DME) and crude water extracts (CWE) and compared with well-known medicinal plants. The total phenolic content ranged from 13.23 to 376.08 mg of GA/g of DME, and from 33.68 to 511.10 mg/mL of CWE. The content of flavonoids ranged from 12.63 to 77.36 mg of RU/g of DME, and from 12.13 to 26.35 mg/mL of CWE. Total tannins and anthocyanins varied from 0.05 to 2.44 mg/mL, and from 1.31 to 39.81 µg/L, respectively. The antioxidant activity ranged from 1147.68 to 15.02 µg/mL for DME and from 1613.05 to 21.96 µg/mL for CWE. The best antioxidant properties, and the highest content of phenolic compounds, were determined for Polygonum maritimum and Limonium vulgare with values similar to or higher compared to the medicinal plants. Halophytes with significant antimicrobial potential were Limonium vulgare, L. angustifolium, and Artemisia maritima. Some of the analyzed coastal halophytes can be considered rich natural sources of phenolic compounds, with favorable antioxidative and antimicrobial properties.

Keywords: Southeast Mediterranean halophytes; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; saline habitats; secondary metabolites.

Grants and funding

This investigation was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No: 451-03-47/2023-01/200122).