Lipoprotein(a) As a Risk Factor in a Cohort of Hospitalised Cardiovascular Patients: A Retrospective Clinical Routine Data Analysis

David Šuran; Tadej Završnik; Peter Kokol; Marko Kokol; Andreja Sinkovič; Franjo Naji; Jernej Završnik; Helena Blažun Vošner; Vojko Kanič

doi:10.3390/jcm12093220

Lipoprotein(a) As a Risk Factor in a Cohort of Hospitalised Cardiovascular Patients: A Retrospective Clinical Routine Data Analysis

J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 29;12(9):3220. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093220.

Authors

David Šuran^{1

2}, Tadej Završnik^{1

2}, Peter Kokol^{2

3}, Marko Kokol^{3

4}, Andreja Sinkovič^{2

5}, Franjo Naji^{1

2}, Jernej Završnik^{6

7}, Helena Blažun Vošner^{6

7

8}, Vojko Kanič^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
² Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
³ Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
⁴ Semantika Research, Semantika d.o.o., Zagrebška ulica 40a, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
⁵ Department of Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
⁶ Community Healthcare Center Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Ulica talcev 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
⁷ Alma Mater Europaea, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
⁸ Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Slovenj Gradec, Glavni trg 1, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.

Abstract

Introduction: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a well-recognised risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS).

Methods: A retrospective observational study of Lp(a) levels (mg/dL) in patients hospitalised for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in our clinical routine was performed. The Lp(a)-associated risk of hospitalisation for IHD, AVS, and concomitant IHD/AVS versus other non-ischemic CVDs (oCVD group) was assessed by means of logistic regression.

Results: In total of 11,767 adult patients, the association with Lp(a) was strongest in the IHD/AVS group (e^β = 1.010, p < 0.001), followed by the IHD (e^β = 1.008, p < 0.001) and AVS group (e^β = 1.004, p < 0.001). With increasing Lp(a) levels, the risk of IHD hospitalisation was higher compared with oCVD in women across all ages and in men aged ≤75 years. The risk of AVS hospitalisation was higher only in women aged ≤75 years (e^β = 1.010 in age < 60 years, e^β = 1.005 in age 60-75 years, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The Lp(a)-associated risk was highest for concomitant IHD/AVS hospitalisations. The differential impact of sex and age was most pronounced in the AVS group with an increased risk only in women aged ≤75 years.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; aortic valve stenosis; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; cardiovascular risk; ischemic heart disease; lipoprotein(a); postmenopausal women.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.