COVID-19 mRNA vaccination status and concerns among pregnant women in Japan: a multicenter questionnaire survey

Ken Takahashi; Osamu Samura; Akihiro Hasegawa; Haruna Okubo; Keiji Morimoto; Madoka Horiya; Aikou Okamoto; Daigo Ochiai; Mamoru Tanaka; Masaki Sekiguchi; Naoyuki Miyasaka; Yuto Suzuki; Tsutomu Tabata; Eijiro Hayata; Masahiko Nakata; Tomoo Suzuki; Hirotaka Nishi; Yumi Toda; Shinji Tanigaki; Natsumi Furuya; Junichi Hasegawa; Shunsuke Tamaru; Yoshimasa Kamei; Seisuke Sayama; Takeshi Nagamatsu; Yuka Otera Takahashi; Michihiro Kitagawa; Tatsuya Arakaki; Akihiko Sekizawa

doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05669-4

COVID-19 mRNA vaccination status and concerns among pregnant women in Japan: a multicenter questionnaire survey

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 May 9;23(1):332. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05669-4.

Authors

Ken Takahashi^{1

2}, Osamu Samura^{3

4}, Akihiro Hasegawa^{1

2}, Haruna Okubo^{2

5}, Keiji Morimoto^{2

6}, Madoka Horiya^{2

7}, Aikou Okamoto^{1

2}, Daigo Ochiai⁸, Mamoru Tanaka⁸, Masaki Sekiguchi⁹, Naoyuki Miyasaka⁹, Yuto Suzuki¹⁰, Tsutomu Tabata¹⁰, Eijiro Hayata¹¹, Masahiko Nakata¹¹, Tomoo Suzuki¹², Hirotaka Nishi¹², Yumi Toda¹³, Shinji Tanigaki¹³, Natsumi Furuya¹⁴, Junichi Hasegawa¹⁴, Shunsuke Tamaru¹⁵, Yoshimasa Kamei¹⁵, Seisuke Sayama¹⁶, Takeshi Nagamatsu¹⁶, Yuka Otera Takahashi¹⁷, Michihiro Kitagawa¹⁷, Tatsuya Arakaki¹⁸, Akihiko Sekizawa¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan. osamusamura@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. osamusamura@gmail.com.
⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihonmachi, Komae, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan.
⁷ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa City, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan.
⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
⁹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
¹² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
¹³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
¹⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
¹⁷ Sanno Birth Center, 8-10-16 Akasaka, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan.
¹⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan.

Abstract

Background: mRNA vaccination is an effective, safe, and widespread strategy for protecting pregnant women against infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, information on factors such as perinatal outcomes, safety, and coverage of mRNA vaccinations among pregnant women is limited in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perinatal outcomes, coverage, adverse effects, and short-term safety of mRNA vaccination as well as vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter online survey of postpartum women who delivered their offspring at 15 institutions around Tokyo from October 2021 to March 2022. Postpartum women were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Perinatal outcomes, COVID-19 prevalence, and disease severity were compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions in the vaccinated group and the reasons for being unvaccinated were also investigated retrospectively.

Results: A total of 1,051 eligible postpartum women were included. Of these, 834 (79.4%) had received an mRNA vaccine, while 217 (20.6%) had not, mainly due to concerns about the effect of vaccination on the fetus. Vaccination did not increase the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes, including fetal morphological abnormalities. The vaccinated group demonstrated low COVID-19 morbidity and severity. In the vaccinated group, the preterm birth rate, cesarean section rate, and COVID-19 incidence were 7.2%, 33.2%, and 3.3%, respectively, compared with the 13.7%, 42.2%, and 7.8% in the unvaccinated group, respectively. Almost no serious adverse reactions were associated with vaccination.

Conclusions: mRNA vaccines did not demonstrate any adverse effects pertaining to short-term perinatal outcomes and might have prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduced COVID-19 severity. Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine in relation to the fetus and the mother were the main reasons that prevented pregnant women from being vaccinated. To resolve concerns, it is necessary to conduct further research to confirm not only the short-term safety but also the long-term safety of mRNA vaccines.

Keywords: Fetus; Perinatal outcomes; SARS-CoV-2; Safety; mRNA vaccine.

Publication types

Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

COVID-19* / epidemiology
COVID-19* / prevention & control
Cesarean Section
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Japan / epidemiology
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Premature Birth* / epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vaccination / adverse effects