Maxillary expansion and protraction using mini-implants and the benefit direct mechanism

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Orthodontics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. wilmes@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
• ² Department of Orthodontics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ³ Private Practice of Orthodontics in Duisburg, Germany.
• ⁴ University of Sydney, Australia; Private Practice of Orthodontics in Sydney, Australia.