Gingival biotype modification with collagen matrix or autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft: Histologic and volumetric analyses in a beagle model

Yoonsub Lee; Jung-Tae Lee; Hee-Seung Han; Seunghan Oh; Young-Dan Cho; Sungtae Kim

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15026

Gingival biotype modification with collagen matrix or autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft: Histologic and volumetric analyses in a beagle model

Heliyon. 2023 Apr 11;9(4):e15026. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15026. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Yoonsub Lee¹, Jung-Tae Lee², Hee-Seung Han¹, Seunghan Oh³, Young-Dan Cho¹, Sungtae Kim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
² Department of Periodontics, One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University, Dental Hospital, Seoul 05698, South Korea.
³ Department of Dental Biomaterials, The Institute of Biomaterial and Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the volumetric effect and biocompatibility of porcine tendon-derived type I collagen matrix graft (CG) in gingival biotype modification (GBM) compared with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in a beagle model.

Methods: Surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy and a collagen degradation assay of CG was performed in vitro. Six adult dogs were used in in vivo experiment, and each received autologous SCTG or CG at the anterior side. Histometric and three-dimensional digital volume analyses were conducted to compare quantitative changes in CG and SCTG in GBM. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the qualitative evaluation of CG compared to SCTG.

Results: CG had a double-layered structure, and its degradation was slower than that of other well-reported materials. No critical problems were associated with the healing procedure. Changes in gingival thickness and volume in the CG and SCTG groups were equivalent, with no significant differences between the groups. Type I collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels were similar in both groups.

Significance: CG and SCTG had equivalent potential for GBM in terms of quantity and quality. Additionally, CG could be used as a reasonable substitute for SCTG, making surgery convenient and predicting successful clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Biologic width; Collagen; Connective tissue; Gingival recession; Periodontal biotype; Periodontology; VEGF.