Characteristics of patients with incidental eosinophilia admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern China

Bigui Chen; Qiuping Rong; Yu Fu; Hanwen Liang; Xuetao Kong; Qingling Zhang; Mei Jiang; Zhufeng Wang; Jiaxing Xie

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15569

Characteristics of patients with incidental eosinophilia admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern China

Heliyon. 2023 Apr 20;9(5):e15569. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15569. eCollection 2023 May.

Authors

Bigui Chen¹, Qiuping Rong¹, Yu Fu², Hanwen Liang³, Xuetao Kong³, Qingling Zhang⁴, Mei Jiang³, Zhufeng Wang³, Jiaxing Xie^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China.
² Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
³ National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
⁴ Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Abstract

Background: The characteristics of patients with eosinophilia are heterogeneous and the outcomes can vary from asymptomatic to severe.

Objective: To describe the feature of patients with eosinophilia in a single center.

Design: Based on the electronic medical records from Yangjiang People's Hospital in China, the inpatients admitted between June 2018 and February 2021 with measured blood eosinophil counts were evaluated.

Methods: Eosinophilia was defined as a peripheral blood eosinophil count of ≥0.5 × 10⁹/L. Differences were compared by eosinophilia severity. The medical records of patients with moderate to severe eosinophilia were reviewed and summarized in terms of examination, diagnoses and management. And these patients were matched with patients without incidental eosinophilia by propensity score and the differences were compared.

Results: A total of 7,835 patients with eosinophilia were identified out of 131,566 total inpatients. All types of eosinophilia were most common in males (8.2%; 5,351/65,615), and in patients aged 0-6 years (11.6%; 1,760/15,204), and in the pediatric (10.8%; 1,764/16,336) department, followed by dermatology (10.6%; 123/1,162), Oncology (7.5%; 394/5,239) and Intensive care unit (ICU) (7.4%; 119/1,608). Patients with moderate to severe eosinophilia were more likely to admit to ICU (moderate: 1.3%; severe: 0.50%). In patients with moderate to severe eosinophilia, only 205/621 (33%) had eosinophilia mentioned in their records, and only 63/621 (10.1%) underwent investigations for eosinophilia. The majority of patients with moderate to severe eosinophilia (372/621, 59.9%) had an infectious disease, and little examination (7.4%; 46/621) was taken to identify the cause of eosinophilia, and only 39/621 (6.3%) of patients had a discrete cause of eosinophilia identified. Patients with moderate to severe eosinophilia (24.3%; 151/621) exhibited certain chance to have organ dysfunction.

Conclusion: Incidental eosinophilia in inpatients was frequently neglected and less investigated. Multidisciplinary consultation may improve outcomes of inpatients with moderate to severe eosinophilia.

Keywords: Clinical characteristics; Eosinophilia; Real-world study.