Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly malignant cancers worldwide. Research into the crucial genes responsible for maintaining the aggressive behaviour of cancer cells is important for the clinical treatment of HCC. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring Finger Protein 125 (RNF125) plays a role in the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. RNF125 expression in human HCC samples and cell lines was investigated using TCGA dataset mining, qRT‒PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. In addition, 80 patients with HCC were studied for the clinical value of RNF125. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which RNF125 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression was determined with mass spectrometry (MS), coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), dual-luciferase reporter assays, and ubiquitin ladder assays. We found that RNF125 was markedly downregulated in HCC tumour tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Moreover, the overexpression of RNF125 inhibited HCC proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the knockdown of RNF125 exerted antithetical effects. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry analysis revealed a protein interaction between RNF125 and SRSF1, and RNF125 accelerated the proteasome-mediated degradation of SRSF1, which impeded HCC progression by inhibiting the ERK signalling pathway. Furthermore, RNF125 was detected to be the downstream target of miR-103a-3p. In this study, we identified that RNF125 is a tumour suppressor in HCC and inhibits HCC progression by inhibiting the SRSF1/ERK pathway. These findings provide a promising treatment target for HCC.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.