Deep eutectic solvent combined with ultrasound technology: A promising integrated extraction strategy for anthocyanins and polyphenols from blueberry pomace

Abstract

To avoid wasting blueberry pomace resources, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were combined with ultrasound technology to establish an efficient green method for the recovery of anthocyanins and polyphenols from plant-derived by-products. Choline chloride:1,4-butanediol (molar ratio of 1:3) was chosen as the optimal solvent based on the screening of eight solvents and single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters: water content, 29%; extraction temperature, 63 °C; liquid-solid ratio, 36:1 (v/w). The yields of total anthocyanins and total polyphenols from the optimized extraction were 11.40 ± 0.14 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equiv./g and 41.56 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid equiv./g, respectively, which were both significantly better than the yields achieved with 70% ethanol. The purified anthocyanins showed excellent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 16.57 μg/mL). The physicochemical parameters of DES suggest that it can be used for the extraction of bioactive substances.

Keywords: Anthocyanins; Deep eutectic solvent; Polyphenols; Response surface methodology; α-glucosidase activity.