The clean energy aspect of plastic waste - hydrogen gas production, CO2 reforming, and plastic waste management coincide with catalytic pyrolysis - an extensive review

Abstract

Clean hydrogen has future fuel capable of receiving an abundance of carbon-neutral energy from hydrogen. In the recent world, new hydrogen affirmation projects have been launched for a green environment. On another side, plastic waste and CO2 threaten the green environment. Vacuum in plastic waste management, plastic waste leads to exhibiting harmful chemicals to the environment. The growth rate of the CO₂ concentration in air is 2.45 ppm per year, steadily increasing in 2022. It is realized that uneven climate change, temperature raising the global level, ocean mean level raising, and frequent acidification are dangerous to living and ecosystems. This review discussed tackling multiple harmful environmental fatly by pyrolysis techniques; catalytic pyrolysis is almost reaching the commercialization stage. Recent pyrolysis upgradation methods with hydrogen gas production and the continuous development and execution of sustainable solutions for plastic waste management and CO₂ reforming are discussed. Production of carbon nanotubes by plastic waste, the importance of catalyst modification, and the effect of catalyst deactivation are discussed. From this study, integrating the different applications with catalytic modification creates room for multipurpose pyrolysis, CO2 reforming, and hydrogen gas production by pyrolysis techniques capable of giving a sustainable solution for climate change issues and a clean environment. Additionally, carbon utilization by way of carbon nanotube production is also done. Overall, the review supports achieving clean energy from plastic waste.

Keywords: CO2 utilization; Carbon neutral fuel; Circular economy; Co-production; NET.