Effects of physical activity interventions on executive function in older adults with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Yuena Zeng; Jinying Wang; Xiaoyan Cai; Xiaoying Zhang; Jiahui Zhang; Mingmei Peng; Duan Xiao; Hui Ouyang; Fengxia Yan

doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.04.012

Effects of physical activity interventions on executive function in older adults with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Geriatr Nurs. 2023 May-Jun:51:369-377. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.04.012. Epub 2023 Apr 30.

Authors

Yuena Zeng¹, Jinying Wang², Xiaoyan Cai¹, Xiaoying Zhang³, Jiahui Zhang¹, Mingmei Peng⁴, Duan Xiao⁵, Hui Ouyang⁶, Fengxia Yan⁷

Affiliations

¹ School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
² Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.
³ School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China.
⁴ School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Hemodialysis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
⁵ Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China. Electronic address: jnhyoyh@163.com.
⁷ School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China. Electronic address: yanfengxia0807@163.com.

PMID: 37127013
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.04.012

Abstract

Background: To date quantitative meta-analysis with large samples to investigate the effects and potential moderators of physical activity (PA) on executive function (EF) in older adults with dementia is insufficient. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis.

Design: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Participants: Old people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or related dementia of varying types and severity as the primary diagnosis.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published from 01 January, 2010 to 01 March, 2022. The results of executive function were reported in all RCTs. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the size of effects. Subgroup analyses of three moderators (including the specific sub-domains of EF, exercise prescription variables, and sample characteristics) were performed.

Results: Eighteen RCTs were included with a combined sample size of 1366. Overall, PA interventions improved overall EF (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.41, p<0.05). The EF sub-domain "planning" was significant moderator (SMD=0.31, 95%CI 0.11 to 1.51, p<0.01), but inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility were not significant. Regarding exercise prescription variables, type of resistance training; moderate intensity; total duration ≤24 weeks and short (once or twice a week) frequency improved overall EF performance. Session length may be a moderator. Regarding sample characteristics, old-old, AD and both dementia and AD had significant benefits.

Conclusions and implications: EF in older adults with AD or related dementia benefited from physical activity, and the benefit was affected by the type, intensity, total duration, frequency of exercise. Physical activity can be an alternative intervention in aging patients with dementia, to improve EF performance or prevent or EF decline.

Keywords: Dementia; Executive function; Meta-analysis; Physical activity.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Alzheimer Disease* / therapy
Cognition
Executive Function*
Exercise
Exercise Therapy
Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic