Sodium acetate promotes fat synthesis by suppressing TATA element modulatory factor 1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Chaochao Luo; Nan Li; Qingzhu Wang; Chunjiang Li

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.002

Sodium acetate promotes fat synthesis by suppressing TATA element modulatory factor 1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Anim Nutr. 2023 Jan 12:13:126-136. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.002. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Authors

Chaochao Luo^{1

2}, Nan Li³, Qingzhu Wang⁴, Chunjiang Li^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
³ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154002, China.
⁴ Harbin Weike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China.
⁵ Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, China.

Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids are important nutrients that regulate milk fat synthesis. They regulate milk synthesis via the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) pathway; however, the details are still unknown. Here, the regulation and mechanism of sodium acetate (SA) in milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were assessed. BMECs were treated with SA supplementation (SA+) or without SA supplementation (SA-), and milk fat synthesis and activation of the SREBP1 pathway were increased (P = 0.0045; P = 0.0042) by SA+ and decreased (P = 0.0068; P = 0.0031) by SA-, respectively. Overexpression or inhibition of SREBP1 demonstrated that SA promoted milk fat synthesis (P = 0.0045) via the SREBP1 pathway. Overexpression or inhibition of TATA element modulatory factor 1 (TMF1) demonstrated that TMF1 suppressed activation of the SREBP1 pathway (P = 0.0001) and milk fat synthesis (P = 0.0022) activated by SA+. Overexpression or inhibition of TMF1 and SREBP1 showed that TMF1 suppressed milk fat synthesis (P = 0.0073) through the SREBP1 pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that TMF1 interacted with SREBP1 in the cytoplasm and suppressed the nuclear localization of SREBP1 (P = 0.0066). The absence or presence of SA demonstrated that SA inhibited the expression of TMF1 (P = 0.0002) and the interaction between TMF1 and SREBP1 (P = 0.0001). Collectively, our research suggested that TMF1 was a new negative regulator of milk fat synthesis. In BMECs, SA promoted the SREBP1 pathway and milk fat synthesis by suppressing TMF1. This study enhances the current understanding of the regulation of milk fat synthesis and provides new scientific data for the regulation of milk fat synthesis.

Keywords: Bovine mammary epithelial cell; Milk fat synthesis; Sodium acetate; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; TATA element Modulatory factor 1.