Effect of stent treatment on hemodynamics in iliac vein compression syndrome with collateral vein

Abstract

Background: Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) leads to blood flow obstruction in the lower extremities and is usually treated with stents, but stenting may worsen the hemodynamics and increase the risk of thrombosis in the iliac vein. The present work evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the stent on IVCS with a collateral vein.

Methods: The computational fluid dynamics method is adopted to analyze the preoperative and postoperative flow fields in a typical IVCS. The geometric models of the iliac vein are constructed from medical imaging data. The porous model is used to simulate the flow obstruction in IVCS.

Results: The preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic characteristics in the iliac vein are obtained, e.g., the pressure gradient at two ends of the compressive region and the wall shear stress. It is found that the stenting restores the blood flow in the left iliac vein.

Conclusion: Impacts of the stent are classified into short-term and long-term effects. The short-term effects are beneficial in relieving IVCS, i.e., shortening the blood stasis and reducing the pressure gradient. The long-term effects increase the risk of thrombosis in the stent, i.e., enlarging wall shear stress due to a large corner and a diameter constriction in the distal vessel, and suggests the need to develop a venous stent for IVCS.

Keywords: Blood stasis; Collateral vein; IVCS; Porous model; Thrombosis; Wall shear stress.