Background: Mechanical circulatory support technology continues to evolve to satisfy the needs of advanced heart failure patients. Despite improvements, various problems occur frequently, and surgical exchange of the pump can be a feasible treatment option. Optimal patient selection is key to success in exchange operations.
Methods: Using a retrospective observational cohort design, this study aims to evaluate preoperative profiles and clinical courses of patients' undergoing a device exchange operation and identified possible contributors to in-hospital mortality. Currently, 155 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients are being followed up in our program. In total, 15 of 155 patients underwent a pump exchange operation. Baseline characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory results were evaluated. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality.
Results: Of the 15 patients who underwent a pump exchange operation, thrombosis was the primary cause in 12. Five patients experienced in-hospital mortality within 30 days of LVAD exchange. The international normalized ratio (INR) was higher in patients who experienced in-hospital mortality (2.4 [±0.6] vs 1.2 [±0.4], P = .005) than in patients who survived to discharge. In addition, preoperative lactate levels were significantly higher in patients who died within 30 days (2.9 [±2.6] vs 0.9 [±0.4], P = .019).
Conclusions: Higher INR and lactate levels could possibly contribute to in-hospital mortality, which underlines the importance of right ventricular function in this patient population. Careful evaluation of the right heart function is of great importance before exchange operations, and preoperative hemodynamic stability is crucial for better postoperative outcomes.
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