COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: The Molecular Basis of Some Adverse Events

Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 28;11(4):747. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040747.

Abstract

Each injection of any known vaccine results in a strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is the result of the innate immune system activation, without which no adaptive response to the injection of vaccines is possible. Unfortunately, the degree of inflammation produced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is variable, probably depending on genetic background and previous immune experiences, which through epigenetic modifications could have made the innate immune system of each individual tolerant or reactive to subsequent immune stimulations.We hypothesize that we can move from a limited pro-inflammatory condition to conditions of increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can culminate in multisystem hyperinflammatory syndromes following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (MIS-V). We have graphically represented this idea in a hypothetical inflammatory pyramid (IP) and we have correlated the time factor to the degree of inflammation produced after the injection of vaccines. Furthermore, we have placed the clinical manifestations within this hypothetical IP, correlating them to the degree of inflammation produced. Surprisingly, excluding the possible presence of an early MIS-V, the time factor and the complexity of clinical manifestations are correlated to the increasing degree of inflammation: symptoms, heart disease and syndromes (MIS-V).

Keywords: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine adverse events; COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; MIS-A; MIS-C; MIS-V; arrhythmias and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; multisystem inflammatory syndrome and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; myo-pericarditis and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; myocarditis; pathogenesis of myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.