Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review

Sandhya Ojha; Nil Patil; Mukul Jain; Chittaranjan Kole; Prashant Kaushik

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11041083

Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review

Microorganisms. 2023 Apr 20;11(4):1083. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11041083.

Authors

Sandhya Ojha^{1

2}, Nil Patil^{1

2}, Mukul Jain^{1

2}, Chittaranjan Kole³, Prashant Kaushik⁴

Affiliations

¹ Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
² Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
³ The Neotia University, Sarisha 743368, India.
⁴ Instituto de Conservacióny Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are a group of conditions that affect the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to their degeneration and eventually causing the loss of function in the affected areas. These disorders can be caused by a range of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Major pathological signs of these diseases are protein misfolding, proteosomal dysfunction, aggregation, inadequate degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, fragmentation of Golgi apparatus neurons, disruption of axonal transport, dysfunction of neurotrophins (NTFs), neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral symptoms. According to recent studies, defects or imbalances in gut microbiota can directly lead to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics in ND are recommended to prevent cognitive dysfunction, which is a major symptom of these diseases. Many in vivo and clinical trials have revealed that probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus casei, etc.) are effective candidates against the progression of ND. It has been proven that the inflammatory process and oxidative stress can be modulated by modifying the gut microbiota with the help of probiotics. As a result, this study provides an overview of the available data, bacterial variety, gut-brain axis defects, and probiotics' mode of action in averting ND. A literature search on particular sites, including PubMed, Nature, and Springer Link, has identified articles that might be pertinent to this subject. The search contains the following few groups of terms: (1) Neurodegenerative disorders and Probiotics OR (2) Probiotics and Neurodegenerative disorders. The outcomes of this study aid in elucidating the relationship between the effects of probiotics on different neurodegenerative disorders. This systematic review will assist in discovering new treatments in the future, as probiotics are generally safe and cause mild side effects in some cases in the human body.

Keywords: aging; gut microbiota; neurodegenerative diseases; probiotics; systematic review.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This study is funded by Young Scientist grant, Human Resource Development Scheme of Department of Health and Research, Ministry of health and family welfare, Government of India and ICMR (YSS/2020/000113/PRCYSS) and Intramural Research grant, Parul University (CR4D/IMSL/048).