Multifunctional Nutraceutical Composition Based on Fermented Spirulina, Apple Cider Vinegar, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Bovine Colostrum

Elena Bartkiene; Vytaute Starkute; Ieva Jomantaite; Egle Zokaityte; Ernestas Mockus; Ernesta Tolpeznikaite; Gintare Zokaityte; Penka Petrova; Antonello Santini; João Miguel Rocha; Fatih Özogul; Dovile Klupsaite

doi:10.3390/foods12081690

Multifunctional Nutraceutical Composition Based on Fermented Spirulina, Apple Cider Vinegar, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Bovine Colostrum

Foods. 2023 Apr 18;12(8):1690. doi: 10.3390/foods12081690.

Authors

Elena Bartkiene^{1

2}, Vytaute Starkute^{1

2}, Ieva Jomantaite¹, Egle Zokaityte², Ernestas Mockus², Ernesta Tolpeznikaite², Gintare Zokaityte², Penka Petrova³, Antonello Santini⁴, João Miguel Rocha^{5

6

7}, Fatih Özogul^{8

9}, Dovile Klupsaite²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
² Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
³ Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
⁵ CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
⁶ LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
⁷ ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
⁸ Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey.
⁹ Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey.

Abstract

The main purpose of this experiment was to develop a multifunctional nutraceutical composition based on ingredients of different origins (Spirulina powder (SP), bovine colostrum (BC), Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP), and apple cider vinegar (ACV)) which possess different health benefits through their different mechanisms of action. In order to improve the functional properties of Spirulina and bovine colostrum, fermentation with the Pediococcus acidilactici No. 29 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUHS244 strains, respectively, was carried out. These LAB strains were chosen due to their good antimicrobial properties. The following parameters were analysed: for Spirulina (non-treated and fermented)-pH, colour coordinates, fatty acid profile, and contents of L-glutamic and GABA acids; for bovine colostrum (non-treated and fermented)-pH, colour coordinates, dry matter, and microbiological parameters (total LAB, total bacteria, total enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, and mould/yeast counts); for the produced nutraceuticals-hardness, colour coordinates, and overall acceptability. It was established that fermentation reduced the pH of the SP and BC and affected their colour coordinates. Fermented SP contained a greater concentration of gamma-aminobutyric and L-glutamic acids (by 5.2 times and 31.4% more, respectively), compared to the non-treated SP and BC. In addition, the presence of gamma-linolenic and omega-3 fatty acids was observed in fermented SP. Fermentation of BC reduces Escherichia coli, total bacteria, total enterobacteria, and total mould/yeast counts in samples. The obtained three-layer nutraceutical (I layer-fermented SP; II-fermented BC and JAP; III-ACV) demonstrated a high overall acceptability. Finally, our finding suggest that the selected nutraceutical combination has immense potential in the production of a multifunctional product with improved functionality and a high acceptability.

Keywords: Jerusalem artichoke; Spirulina; apple cider vinegar; bovine colostrum; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria; nutraceuticals.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.