Outcome of Brain Lymphoma in a High Epstein-Barr Virus-Prevalence Country After Kidney Transplantation

Transplant Proc. 2023 May;55(4):858-861. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.03.048. Epub 2023 Apr 25.

Abstract

Background: The incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in adult kidney transplant (KTx) recipients is less common in Taiwan. In our institute, we observed that brain lymphoma was the most notorious type.

Methods: The study describes the clinical, histologic, and radiological features of primary central nervous lymphoma (PCNSL) and the outcomes and associations with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in our center.

Results: Among 1470 KTx recipients, 5 patients had tissue-proven brain lymphoma (0.34%). The brain pathology disclosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in all patients. EBV was detected through in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr encoding region (EBER) to disclose the EBV inclusion in the nuclei of lymphoma cells. The first treatment step was the reduction of immunosuppressants; 4 patients received whole-brain radiotherapy after complete resection of PCNSL, and 1 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Only one patient had poor performance status at the time of diagnosis and had a poor response to treatment with steroids. Four patients survived (mean 36.5 months, range 8.6 to 57.6 months), but one died after rapid neurologic deterioration.

Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus inclusion was found in PCNSL in our patients; however, the role of EBV in PCNSL remains to be clarified. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare malignancy after KTx with a predilection of brain involvement in Taiwan. We report a successful care experience in a patient with primary CNS lymphoma with better survival.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Brain / pathology
  • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections* / complications
  • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections* / epidemiology
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human / genetics
  • Humans
  • Kidney Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse* / etiology
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders* / etiology
  • Prevalence