Synergistic effects of binary surfactant mixtures in the adsorption of diclofenac sodium drug from aqueous solution by modified zeolite

Yasaman Khaksarfard; Ahmad Bagheri; Amir Abbas Rafati

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.044

Synergistic effects of binary surfactant mixtures in the adsorption of diclofenac sodium drug from aqueous solution by modified zeolite

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Aug 15:644:186-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.044. Epub 2023 Apr 18.

Authors

Yasaman Khaksarfard¹, Ahmad Bagheri², Amir Abbas Rafati³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
² Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran. Electronic address: abagheri@semnan.ac.ir.
³ Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

PMID: 37105042
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.044

Abstract

In this paper, the surfactant-modified clinoptilolite zeolite (with two methods) were used to remove diclofenac sodium (DFS) as a widely used drug in an aqueous solution. Clinoptilolite was modified by using pure cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, CTAC) and the mixed surfactants of CTAC + Triton-X100 (TX100). In the new approach, the synergistic effects between CTAC and TX100 were determined by surface tension measurements in different mole fractions and the optimum ratio (y₁ ≈ 0.8) was identified with the maximum synergism. According to the mole fraction of this composition, the surface of clinoptilolite was modified by mixed surfactants (MSMZ) for the adsorption of DFS and then results compared with modified zeolite with pure cationic surfactant (SMZ). The raw and modified (SMZ and MSMZ) zeolites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET analysis, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, Zeta potential and X-ray. The experimental data of adsorption in equilibrium conditions were also analyzed using different adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Hill, Khan, Sips, Redlich-Peterson and Toth) in non-linear forms, and finally, the best model consistent with experimental data is determined (SMZ:Sips and MSMZ:Toth). According to the best isotherm model, the amount of absorption capacity in MSMZ was obtained almost 57% higher than SMZ. In addition, the kinetic adsorption data were correlated with eight various models in order to selection the best model for these systems. The kinetic adsorption data were well described by fractal-like pseudo-first-order (FL-PFO) and IKL models for SMZ and MSMZ adsorbents, respectively. Eight error functions were used to estimate the best fitted isotherm and kinetic models.

Keywords: Adsorption; Diclofenac sodium; Surfactant; Synergism; Zeolite.