Examination of Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spine Guide for Neurosurgery Residents

Mohd Arman Muhamad Nor; Mohammad Imran Ahmad; Anis Nabillah Mohd Azli; Jafri Malin Abdullah; Zamzuri Idris; Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani

doi:10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.10

Examination of Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spine Guide for Neurosurgery Residents

Malays J Med Sci. 2023 Apr;30(2):111-123. doi: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.10. Epub 2023 Apr 18.

Authors

Mohd Arman Muhamad Nor^{1

2

3

4}, Mohammad Imran Ahmad^{1

2

3}, Anis Nabillah Mohd Azli^{1

2}, Jafri Malin Abdullah^{1

2}, Zamzuri Idris^{1

2}, Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
² Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Institut Kajisaraf Tunku Abdul Rahman (IKTAR), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴ Neurosurgery Unit, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background: This paper outlines a summary of examination techniques for the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. It starts with observation, palpation and a range of movements followed by various special tests to identify thoracic and lumbosacral spine pathology.

Methods: Bedside instruments used include a measuring tape, scoliometer and back range of motion instrument (BROM II).

Discussion: Back flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation were assessed with bedside instruments. This would aid in increasing the accuracy and precision of objective measurement while conducting a clinical examination to determine the back range motion. Specific tests were used to localise specific anatomical locations and identify the spine pathology that can help the clinician to diagnose and treat the disease.

Keywords: examination technique; lumbosacral spine; range of motion; rotation; thoracic.