Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Quinoxaline Derivative Compound Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abdelbagi Elfadil; Ahmad Mandeel Alzahrani; Hani Abdullah; Hamoud Alsamhan; Turki S Abujamel; Hafsa Elawd Ahmed; Asif Jiman-Fatani

doi:10.2147/IDR.S401371

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Quinoxaline Derivative Compound Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Apr 18:16:2291-2296. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S401371. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Abdelbagi Elfadil^{1

2}, Ahmad Mandeel Alzahrani¹, Hani Abdullah¹, Hamoud Alsamhan^{3

4

5}, Turki S Abujamel^{6

7}, Hafsa Elawd Ahmed⁸, Asif Jiman-Fatani¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
² Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: While the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to rise globally, there is a fear regarding an increase in vancomycin resistance among S. aureus strains. As far back as the 1960s, MRSA was one of the world's most prevalent antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Among hospitalized patients and community members, MRSA is the cause of a significant number of infections. As a result of its resistance to classical beta-lactam and, in some cases, vancomycin antibiotics, efforts must be made as soon as feasible to find a new approach to fighting MRSA.

Purpose: This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of quinoxaline derivative compound against MRSA in comparison with vancomycin as a reference drug.

Methods: Sixty MRSA isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing by broth microdilution method for quinoxaline derivative compound and vancomycin. Each drug's minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined and compared.

Results: Among the sixty MRSA isolates, most of the quinoxaline derivative compound MIC findings (56.7%) were 4 µg/mL compared to vancomycin MIC values (63.3%) of 4 µg/mL. In comparison, 20% of quinoxaline derivative compound MIC readings were 2 µg/mL, while the vancomycin MIC results were 6.7%. However, the overall proportion of MIC readings at ≤2 µg/mL for both antibacterial agents was equal (23.3%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin.

Conclusion: This experiment revealed that most MRSA isolates were associated with low MICs (1-4 μg/mL) for quinoxaline derivative compound. Overall, the susceptibility of the quinoxaline derivative compound signifies a promising efficacy against MRSA and may set a novel treatment approach.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance; drug discovery; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; minimum inhibitory concentration; quinoxaline; vancomycin.

Grants and funding

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (G: 304-140-1441). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support.