Irreversibility analysis with hybrid cross nanofluid of stagnation point and radiative flow ( [Formula: see text] ) based on engine oil past a stretchable sheet

Showkat Ahmad Lone; Farhan Ali; Anwar Saeed; Gabriella Bognár

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15056

Irreversibility analysis with hybrid cross nanofluid of stagnation point and radiative flow ( ${T i O}_{2} + C u O$ ) based on engine oil past a stretchable sheet

Heliyon. 2023 Mar 31;9(4):e15056. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15056. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Showkat Ahmad Lone¹, Farhan Ali², Anwar Saeed³, Gabriella Bognár⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, (Jeddah-M), Riyadh, 11673, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi,75300, Pakistan.
³ Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science (TaCS-CoE), Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
⁴ Institute of Machine and Product Design, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemvaros, 3515, Hungary.

Abstract

The present study addressed the physical significance of the entropy generation for the mixed convection time-dependent flow of cross-hybrid nanoliquid due to the stretched surface at a stagnation point. The Plot for heat transport is discoursed by applying the role of thermal radiation under convective conditions. For hybrid nanofluid, engine oil is used as a base liquid with copper (II) oxide $C u O$ and titanium dioxide $T i O_{2}$ nanoparticles. The existing model is framed in the highly partial differential equation system. The governing equations have been transformed into a set of ODS's using a similar scaling operation. Following this, the resulting ODEs are solved numerically through the BVP4c. The primary goal of this research is to analyze the results of varying the stretching ratio parameter ( $λ$ ), Weissenberg parameter ( $W e$ ), thermal radiation ( $R d$ ), and Biot number ( $B i$ ) for both pure ${T i O}_{2}$ and CuO + ${T i O}_{2}$ / $E O$ hybrid nanofluid, on the velocity, temperature, drag force, heat transfer as well as entropy generation, and Bejan number was studied. A drop in velocity is observed with increasing values of the $W e$ and upsurge in velocity for rising value of unsteady parameter ( $A$ ), while increasing values of both of these parameters are associated with rising temperatures. Copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles are used to increase Engine oil (EO) thermal enactment, making it a more useful base fluid. Further, some significant industrial and engineering applications are related to the present problem discourse.

Keywords: Cross-hybrid nanofluid; Engine oil; Entropy generation and stretching surface; Stagnation point; Thermal radiation.