Go, go …. You'll be happier. Psychological variables among cyclists during COVID-19 lockdowns

Carlos Salavera; José L Antoñanzas; María Guallart; Eva Urbón; Reina Castellanos; Pablo Usán

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15300

Go, go …. You'll be happier. Psychological variables among cyclists during COVID-19 lockdowns

Heliyon. 2023 Apr 6;9(4):e15300. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15300. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Carlos Salavera^{1

2}, José L Antoñanzas^{1

2}, María Guallart^{1

2}, Eva Urbón^{1

2}, Reina Castellanos^{1

2}, Pablo Usán^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ OPIICS Observatorio para la Innovación e Investigación en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
² Cátedra TEA Ediciones Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

Abstract

COVID-19 lockdowns involved radical changes in the habits and lifestyles of many. Notably, athletes saw their training routines altered. The relationship between lockdown effects and psychological variables was analysed using a sample comprising 1032 cyclists (average age: 42.97 years, s.d. = 8.94), taking part in the first cycling competition after lockdown. The target variables included psychological variables such as frustration tolerance, subjective vitality, autonomy self-determination, and affective status, as well as sociodemographic and training habits-related variables. The results showed that the constructs under analysis are related. Pre- and post-competition psychological variables were measured, and no significant differences were detected, except concerning subjective vitality. A regression analysis model was designed to analyse the impact of frustration tolerance, autonomy self-determination, and affective status on subjective vitality. The results reveal a lineal relationship (F = 71.789, p < .001) between subjective vitality and a set of independent variables: positive affects; health status; km of training per year; and frustration tolerance, which explain 46.7% of variance. Finally, since the variable that measures subjective vitality was shown to be significant, mediation analyses were undertaken to answer our hypothesis, following the results of the exploratory analysis. The results suggest that frustration tolerance has a direct effect on subjective vitality, and that this relationship is mediated by positive affects, health status, and km of training per year. It is concluded that exercising increases subjective vitality, which is affected by frustration tolerance, positive affects, health status and km of training per year. In addition, it can be argued that these three variables mediate the relationship between frustration tolerance and subjective vitality. Finally, it is worth stressing that, given the positive effects of exercise not only in physical health but also in psychological, social and personal wellbeing, self-determined attitudes in training should be encouraged, as this promotes self-efficacy and self-satisfaction, in both training and competition settings.

Keywords: Affective status; Autonomy self-determination; Frustration tolerance; Subjective vitality.