Efficacy of the modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine and the replication-competent vaccine ACAM2000 in monkeypox prevention

Mahmoud Kandeel; Mohamed A Morsy; Hany M Abd El-Lateef; Mohamed Marzok; Hossam S El-Beltagi; Khalid M Al Khodair; Ibrahim Albokhadaim; Katharigatta N Venugopala

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110206

Efficacy of the modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine and the replication-competent vaccine ACAM2000 in monkeypox prevention

Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jun:119:110206. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110206. Epub 2023 Apr 21.

Authors

Mahmoud Kandeel¹, Mohamed A Morsy², Hany M Abd El-Lateef³, Mohamed Marzok⁴, Hossam S El-Beltagi⁵, Khalid M Al Khodair⁶, Ibrahim Albokhadaim⁷, Katharigatta N Venugopala⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt. Electronic address: mkandeel@kfu.edu.sa.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
⁵ Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.

Abstract

Background: Recently, there has been an uptick in reported cases of monkeypox (Mpox) in Africa and across the globe. This prompted us to investigate the efficacy of the two vaccines that can prevent Mpox, the modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) vaccine and ACAM2000 vaccine. We analyzed them to determine their rates of humoral cell responses, adverse events, and rash reactions and used these factors as the primary indicators.

Methods: This study adapted primary data obtained from the Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. We included a total of eight studies, three of which explored the ACAM2000 vaccine and five of which explored the JYNNEOS MVA vaccine.

Results: There were significant differences in the rates of humoral responses after inoculation by the two vaccines. JYNNEOS MVA vaccine immunization resulted in a statistically significant increased humoral immune response with an effect size of 81.00 (42.80, 119.21) at a 95% CI and a rash reaction with an effect size of 96.50 (42.09, 235.09.21) at a 95% CI. ACAM2000 resulted in a lesser increase in neutralizing antibodies than JYNNEOS MVA vaccine. Similar findings were identified for the rates of adverse reactions, but the difference was not statistically significant. The differences in rash reaction rates in the two vaccination groups were also not statistically significant.

Conclusion: ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS vaccines have proven to be efficient in preventing Mpox even though variations exist in their modes of action and associated significant effects. The nonreplicating nature of JYNNEOS prevents the occurrence of the adverse effects seen with other vaccines.

Keywords: ACAM2000; JYNNEOS; Monkeypox; Protection; Vaccine.

MeSH terms

Exanthema*
Humans
Mpox (monkeypox)* / prevention & control
Vaccinia virus

Substances

ACAM2000

Supplementary concepts

Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus