We conducted a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment in Qianjiangyuan National Park in 2015, to investigate the response of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and denitrifying microorganisms. There were four treatments, including N addition (N), P addition (P), NP, and control (CK). Soil samples were collected in April (wet season) and November (dry season) of 2021. The abundance of amoA gene of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (i.e., ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB; comammox) and denitrifying microbial genes (i.e., nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were determined using quantitative PCR approach. The results showed that soil pH was significantly decreased by long-term N addition, while soil ammonium and nitrate contents were significantly increased. Soil available P and total P contents were significantly increased with the long-term P addition. The addition of N (N and NP treatments) significantly increased the abundance of AOB-amoA gene in both seasons, and reached the highest in the N treatment around 8.30×107 copies·g-1 dry soil. The abundance of AOA-amoA gene was significantly higher in the NP treatment than that in CK, with the highest value around 1.17×109 copies·g-1 dry soil. There was no significant difference in N-related gene abundances between two seasons except for the abundance of comammox-amoA. Nitrogen addition exerted significant effect on the abundance of AOB-amoA, nirK and nosZ genes, especially in wet season. Phosphorus addition exerted significant effect on the abundance of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA genes in both seasons, but did not affect denitrifying gene abundances. Soil pH, ammonium, nitrate, available P, and soil water contents were the main factors affecting the abundance of soil N-related functional genes. In summary, the response of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and denitrifying microorganisms was more sensitive to N addition than to P addition. These findings shed new light for evaluating soil nutrient availability as well as their response mechanism to global change in subtropical forests.
为探究亚热带森林土壤氨氧化微生物和反硝化微生物对氮、磷输入的响应,2015年开始在钱江源国家森林公园设置氮磷模拟添加试验,包括对照(CK)、氮(N)添加、磷(P)添加和氮磷(NP)添加4种处理,于2021年4月(湿季)和11月(干季)采集土样,采用定量PCR的方法分析亚热带森林土壤氨氧化微生物(氨氧化古菌AOA、氨氧化细菌AOB和全程氨氧化菌comammox)amoA基因和反硝化微生物功能基因(nirS、nirK和nosZ基因)的丰度变化特征。结果表明: 长期N输入显著降低土壤pH,但显著提高了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,而长期P输入显著提高了土壤有效磷和总磷含量。氮的输入(N和NP处理)显著提高了干湿季土壤AOB-amoA基因丰度,且在N处理中最高,达8.30×107 copies·g-1。NP处理土壤AOA-amoA基因丰度显著高于CK,达1.17×109 copies·g-1。comammox-amoA基因丰度在不同季节间差异显著,其他基因丰度在不同季节间差异均不显著。双因素方差分析表明,N输入显著影响AOB-amoA、nirK和nosZ基因丰度,且湿季更为显著;而P输入显著影响干湿季土壤AOA-amoA和AOB-amoA基因丰度,但对反硝化功能基因丰度影响不显著。冗余分析表明,土壤pH、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和土壤含水量是影响土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的主要因子。土壤氨氧化微生物和反硝化微生物的基因丰度对氮的输入比对磷的输入响应更灵敏。研究结果可为评估亚热带森林土壤养分生物有效性及其对全球变化的响应机制提供科学依据。.
Keywords: ammonia-oxidizing microorganism; comammox; denitrifying microorganism; nitrogen deposition; subtropical forest.