Because of the widespread application of anesthetic drugs in the fields of animal breeding and transportation, demand for the rapid, sensitive detection of anesthetic drugs in animal meat is increasing. The complex animal meat matrix contains various interfering substances, such as proteins, fats, and phospholipids, along with anesthetic drug residues at very low concentrations. Therefore, adopting appropriate pretreatment methods is necessary to improve the sensitivity of detection. In this study, a rapid, accurate analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) was established to determine the contents of 18 caines in animal meat. The MS parameters, such as the collision energies of 18 caines, were optimized. Furthermore, the chromatographic separation conditions and response intensities of the caine in different mobile phases were compared. The effects of different pretreatment conditions on the extraction efficiencies of the 18 caines in meat samples and those of different purification conditions, such as extraction solvent, SPE column, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) dosage, on their recoveries were investigated. Combined with the external standard method, the 18 caines in meat were successfully quantified. Sample pretreatment is a three-step process. First, in ultrasound-assisted extraction, 2.0 g samples were added to 2.0 mL water and extracted using 10 mL 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile under ultrasound conditions for 10 min. SPE was then performed using an Oasis PRIME HLB column. Finally, DMSO-assisted concentration was employed: the organic layer was collected and dried at 40 ℃ under a stream of N2 gas with the addition of 100 μL DMSO. Acetonitrile-water (1∶9, v/v) was added to the residue to yield a final volume of 1.0 mL for use in UPLC-MS/MS. The 18 caines were separated using an HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water (containing 0.02 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and methanol as mobile phases. Samples were detected using an electrospray ion source (ESI) in the positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes during UPLC-MS/MS. Under the optimized conditions, the 18 target caine anesthetics displayed good linearities in the range of 1.00-50.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients (R2) were >0.999. The respective limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.2-0.5 μg/kg, and 0.6-1.5 μg/kg. In pork, beef, and mutton samples, the recoveries obtained at three spiked levels were 83.4%-100.4% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.1%-8.5%. This simple, rapid, sensitive method may be applied in the detection of 18 caine anesthetics in animal meat and may provide technical support to the food safety department in China in monitoring the residues of caine anesthetics in animal meat.
随着麻醉剂被用于动物养殖、运输等领域,建立畜肉中麻醉剂残留的检测方法具有重要意义。该研究基于固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了一种同时测定畜肉中18种卡因类麻醉剂残留的分析方法,实验通过优化18种卡因类物质的质谱参数,比较了在不同流动相中的分离度及响应强度,同时考察了不同提取条件、净化条件对18种卡因类物质提取率和净化效果的影响,结合外标法定量,实现了对畜肉中18种卡因类物质的定量分析。样品以0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈提取,Oasis PRIME HLB小柱净化,净化液经二甲亚砜辅助氮吹至近干,残渣用1.00 mL乙腈-水(1∶9, v/v)复溶,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含0.02 mmol/L乙酸铵)-甲醇作为流动相,经HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,在电喷雾离子源(ESI)、正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行UPLC-MS/MS测定。在最优条件下进行方法学验证,18种化合物在1.00~50.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;检出限(LOD)为0.2~0.5 μg/kg,定量限为0.6~1.5 μg/kg;以猪肉、牛肉、羊肉为基质,进行3个不同水平的加标试验(n=6), 18种目标物的平均回收率为83.4%~100.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~8.5%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高等优势,适用于畜肉中18种卡因类麻醉剂残留的快速测定,可为我国食品安全部门监控畜肉中卡因类麻醉剂残留提供技术支撑。
Keywords: animal meat; caine anesthetics; solid phase extraction (SPE); ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).