The purposes of this article are to report the clinical case of a patient who exhibited a foreign body reaction associated with the use of bone wax after extraction of an impacted third molar and to present an integrative literature review addressing the possible influences of this hemostatic agent on bone healing. A 26-year-old woman who underwent the extraction of her mandibular right third molar developed intense alveolar bleeding during surgery, requiring the use of bone wax. In the 2-month postoperative period, the patient presented with intraoral edema and discharge of a purulent secretion via the alveolar route. After cone beam computed tomographic images revealed increased hyperdensity inside the alveolus, alveolar curettage was performed and the material that was obtained was submitted to histopathologic examination. The results of the histopathologic analysis proved conclusive for an inflammatory foreign body reaction associated with exogenous material. A search of the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases identified 22 studies that evaluated the influence of this hemostatic agent on bone healing, and an integrative review involving 367 animals and 75 humans was compiled. Bone wax is a nonresorbable material capable of negatively influencing bone healing. It is suggested that the product be used cautiously in amounts that are just enough to promote the sealing of the bone channels.
Keywords: bone wax; foreign body reaction; hemorrhage; hemostatics; oral surgery; osteogenesis.