Growth of carbon nanotubes over carbon nanofibers catalyzed by bimetallic alloy nanoparticles as a bifunctional electrode for Zn-air batteries

Iram Aziz; Xing Chen; Xuhui Hu; Wenjing Angela Zhang; Rabiya Javed Awan; Ali Rauf; Salman Noshear Arshad

doi:10.1039/d3ra00352c

Growth of carbon nanotubes over carbon nanofibers catalyzed by bimetallic alloy nanoparticles as a bifunctional electrode for Zn-air batteries

RSC Adv. 2023 Apr 13;13(17):11591-11599. doi: 10.1039/d3ra00352c. eCollection 2023 Apr 11.

Authors

Iram Aziz¹, Xing Chen², Xuhui Hu³, Wenjing Angela Zhang⁴, Rabiya Javed Awan¹, Ali Rauf¹, Salman Noshear Arshad¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan salman.arshad@lums.edu.pk.
² School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R China.
³ College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark wenz@env.dtu.dk.

Abstract

Design of economical, large-scale, stable, and highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries with enhanced oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution performance is needed. Herein, a series of electrocatalysts were facilely fabricated where in situ formed bimetallic nanoparticles aided in the growth of carbon nanotubes over carbon nanofibers (MM'-CNT@CNF) during thermal treatment. Different combinations of Fe, Ni, Co and Mn metals and melamine as precursor for CNT growth were investigated. The synergistic interaction between bimetallic nanoparticles and N-doped carbon results in greatly improved bifunctional catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR, OER) using FeNi-CNT@CNF as catalyst. The half-wave potential (0.80 V vs. RHE) for FeNi-CNT@CNF for ORR was close to that of Pt/C (0.79 V vs. RHE), meanwhile its stability was superior to Pt/C. Likewise, during OER, the FeNi-CNT@CNF reached a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 at a rather low overpotential of 310 mV vs. RHE compared to benchmark RuO₂ (410 mV). The rechargeable Zn-air prototype battery using FeNi-CNT@CNF as an air electrode outperformed the mixture of Pt/C and RuO₂ with discharge/charge overpotential of 0.61 V, power density of 118 mW cm^-2 at 10 mA cm^-2 and an improved cycling stability over 108 hours.