Purpose of review: To explore the relationship between IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases) therapy and VTE (venous thromboembolism) risk, as well as the safety, barriers, and utility of VTE prophylaxis.
Recent findings: In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a black box warning concerning the use of tofacitinib among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with a post hoc analysis revealing that all patients had additional risk factors for VTE. Additionally, although IBD patients experiencing a disease flare often present with hematochezia, these patients are less likely to receive VTE prophylaxis, despite data showing that pharmacologic prophylaxis has not been associated with clinically significant signs of bleeding.
Summary: Among IBD patients, corticosteroid use has been associated with an increased risk of VTE, whereas anti-TNF therapy does not appear to increase this risk. High-dose tofacitinib has also been shown to increase the likelihood of VTE in patients with additional risk factors. In order to prevent future VTE events, pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis should be emphasized, particularly in hospitalized IBD patients, with recent data suggesting that a select population at risk may benefit from continued prophylaxis.
Keywords: Corticosteroids; Deep venous thrombosis; Immunomodulators; Pulmonary embolism; Venous thromboembolism.