Effect of acetazolamide on pulmonary vascular haemodynamics in patients with COPD going to altitude: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Mona Lichtblau; Stéphanie Saxer; Laura Mayer; Ulan Sheraliev; Maamed Mademilov; Michael Furian; Aline Buergin; Philipp M Schweiwiller; Simon R Schneider; Felix C Tanner; Talant Sooronbaev; Konrad E Bloch; Silvia Ulrich

doi:10.1183/23120541.00412-2022

Effect of acetazolamide on pulmonary vascular haemodynamics in patients with COPD going to altitude: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

ERJ Open Res. 2023 Apr 11;9(2):00412-2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00412-2022. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Mona Lichtblau^{1

2}, Stéphanie Saxer^{1

2}, Laura Mayer^{1

2}, Ulan Sheraliev^{2

3}, Maamed Mademilov^{2

3}, Michael Furian^{1

2}, Aline Buergin^{1

2}, Philipp M Schweiwiller^{1

2}, Simon R Schneider^{1

2}, Felix C Tanner^{2

4}, Talant Sooronbaev^{2

3}, Konrad E Bloch^{1

2}, Silvia Ulrich^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Clinic of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
² Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.
³ National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.
⁴ Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Abstract

Background: COPD may predispose to symptomatic pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. We investigated haemodynamic changes in lowlanders with COPD ascending to 3100 m and evaluated whether preventive acetazolamide treatment would attenuate the altitude-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).

Methods: In this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial, patients with COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grades 2-3 who were living <800 m and had peripheral oxygen saturation (S _pO₂ ) >92% and arterial carbon dioxide tension <6 kPa were randomised to receive either acetazolamide (125-250 mg·day^-1) or placebo capsules, starting 24 h before ascent from 760 m and during a 2-day stay at 3100 m. Echocardiography, pulse oximetry and clinical assessments were performed at 760 m and after the first night at 3100 m. Primary outcome was PAP assessed by tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG).

Results: 112 patients (68% men, mean±sd age 59±8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) 61±12% pred, S _pO₂ 95±2%) were included. Mean±sd TRPG increased from 22±7 to 30±10 mmHg in 54 patients allocated to placebo and from 20±5 to 24±7 mmHg in 58 patients allocated to acetazolamide (both p<0.05) resulting in a mean (95% CI) treatment effect of -5 (-9 to -1) mmHg (p=0.015). In patients assigned to placebo at 760/3100 m, mean±sd S _pO₂ was 95±2%/88±3%; in the acetazolamide group, the respective values were 94±2%/90±3% (both p<0.05), resulting in a treatment effect of +2 (1 to 3)% (p=0.001).

Conclusions: In lowlanders with COPD travelling to 3100 m, preventive acetazolamide treatment attenuated the altitude-induced rise in PAP and improved oxygenation.