Recently, returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution. Meanwhile, the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop. This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms (RMs) on straw decomposition, bacterial microbial community structure, soil properties, and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil, reaching 39.52%, which was 41.37% higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return. After 30 d, straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups. According to the soil physicochemical parameters, the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup, and increased the urease, sucrase, and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%. The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid. The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability, which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition. Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw, proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.
秸秆还田已被证明是解决农田养分流失和农业污染的有效手段，但目前受制于秸秆还田后分解缓慢，导致土壤病虫害等问题。配施秸秆腐解菌剂能够显著加速秸秆的腐解，探索高效促腐菌剂具有重要研究意义。本研究以瘤胃液为腐解菌剂，探讨了秸秆还田配施瘤胃液对秸秆分解、细菌微生物群落结构、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田后第30天，瘤胃微生物显著提高了秸秆在土壤中的降解率，实验组秸秆降解率达到39.52%，较对照组提高了41.37%。在还田30天后，对照组和实验组的秸秆降解速率都呈现出明显降低的趋势，但与对照组相比，实验组仍然表现出良好的促腐效果。此外，配施瘤胃液促进了土壤中物质转化和养分积累，增强了脲酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性。同时，秸秆中纤维素的羟基官能团结构被瘤胃微生物严重破坏。土壤微生物群落结构分析显示，配施瘤胃液导致土壤中具有较强纤维素降解能力的放线菌相对丰度增加。本研究发现，秸秆还田并配施瘤胃液的措施可为解决秸秆还田后分解缓慢的问题提供有效手段，并可作为农业废弃物资源化的有效措施。.
秸秆还田已被证明是解决农田养分流失和农业污染的有效手段，但目前受制于秸秆还田后分解缓慢，导致土壤病虫害等问题。配施秸秆腐解菌剂能够显著加速秸秆的腐解，探索高效促腐菌剂具有重要研究意义。本研究以瘤胃液为腐解菌剂，探讨了秸秆还田配施瘤胃液对秸秆分解、细菌微生物群落结构、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田后第30天，瘤胃微生物显著提高了秸秆在土壤中的降解率，实验组秸秆降解率达到39.52%，较对照组提高了41.37%。在还田30天后，对照组和实验组的秸秆降解速率都呈现出明显降低的趋势，但与对照组相比，实验组仍然表现出良好的促腐效果。此外，配施瘤胃液促进了土壤中物质转化和养分积累，增强了脲酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性。同时，秸秆中纤维素的羟基官能团结构被瘤胃微生物严重破坏。土壤微生物群落结构分析显示，配施瘤胃液导致土壤中具有较强纤维素降解能力的放线菌相对丰度增加。本研究发现，秸秆还田并配施瘤胃液的措施可为解决秸秆还田后分解缓慢的问题提供有效手段，并可作为农业废弃物资源化的有效措施。
Keywords: Decomposed straw; Microbial inoculant; Rumen microorganisms (RMs); Soil microorganisms; Straw return.