Thirteen new species of Scrobipalpa Janse, 1951 are described: S. nupponeni sp. nov. (Russia: Buryatia, Altai), S. rutjani sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan; Russia: Novosibirsk reg., Tuva), S. tannuolella sp. nov. (Russia: Tuva), S. kullbergi sp. nov. (Russia: Tuva), S. lobata sp. nov. (Russia: southern Ural, Altai, Tuva, Buryatia), S. inexplictata sp. nov. (Russia: Altai; Armenia), S. altubura sp. nov. (Russia: Altai, Tuva, Buryatia), S. krasnogorka sp. nov. (Russia: Altai), S. buryatica sp. nov. (Russia: Buryatia), S. albiflava sp. nov. (Russia: Altai, Tuva), S. ravida sp. nov. (Russia: Buryatia, Zabaikalskiy krai), S. ochronerva sp. nov. (Russia: Buryatia) and S. ochraeata sp. nov. (Russia: Zabaikalskiy krai). Four new generic combinations are proposed: Scrobipalpa saxatilis (Povolný, 1996) comb. nov.; Scrobipalpa truncata (Povolný, 2002) comb. nov.; Scrobipalpa superba (Povolný, 1996) comb. nov. and Scrobipalpa cinerea (Povolný, 1996) comb. nov. Five new synonyms are established: S. punctata (Povolný, 1996) syn. nov. of S. zaitzevi Piskunov, 1990; S. abstrusa Huemer & Karsholt, 2010 syn. nov. of S. truncata (Povolný, 2002); S. pinosa (Povolný, 2001) syn. nov. of S. ferruginosa (Povolný, 2001); S. kyrana (Povolný, 2001) syn. nov. of S. similis Povolný, 1973 and S. zouhari Povolný, 1984 syn. nov. of S. rebeli (Preissecker, 1915). Scrobipalpa sibirica Bidzilya, 2009 sp. rev., stat. nov. is taken out from synonymy with S. occulta (Povolný, 2002) and S. japonica Povolný, 1977 sp. rev., stat. nov. is taken out from synonymy with S. rebeli (Preissecker, 1914). Six species are recorded from Russia for the first time: Scrobipalpa superstes Povolný, 1977; S. punctulata Li & Bidzilya, 2019; S. strictella Bidzilya & Li, 2010; S. inferna Povolný, 1973; S. mongolica Povolný, 1969 and S. mixta Huemer & Karsholt, 2010. Scrobipalpa notata (Povolný, 2001) is new for Armenia, S. frugifera Povolný, 1969 and S. mixta are new for Kazakhstan, S. acuta (Povolný, 2001) and S. ferruginosa are new for Mongolia, S. tenebrata (Povolný, 2001) is new for China, S. zaitzevi is new for Tajikistan and Afghanistan, S. truncata is new for Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia, S. marmorella Povolný, 1969 and S. candicans (Povolný, 1996) are new for Tajikistan. The male genitalia of S. ferruginosa, and the female genitalia of S. bidzilyai (Povolný, 2001), S. chitensis (Povolný, 2001), S. tenebrata, S. cinerosella Bidzilya, 2009 and S. japonica are described for the first time. Improved diagnosis and additions to descriptions are provided for some little known and poorly diagnosed species. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for all new species and for most of the species which represent new faunistic records.