Design for bird strike crashworthiness using a building block approach applied to the Flying-V aircraft

Sian Ying Chen; Wydo van de Waerdt; Saullo G P Castro

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14723

Design for bird strike crashworthiness using a building block approach applied to the Flying-V aircraft

Heliyon. 2023 Mar 21;9(4):e14723. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14723. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Sian Ying Chen^{1

2}, Wydo van de Waerdt¹, Saullo G P Castro²

Affiliations

¹ Fokker Aerostructures B.V., Edisonstraat 1, 7903 AN Hoogeveen, the Netherlands.
² Department of Aerospace Structures and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2629HS Delft, the Netherlands.

Abstract

The Flying-V aircraft concept promises better fuel-burn performance over conventional tube-and-wing configurations, integrating the passenger cabin and cargo volume into the lifting surface. However, the wing-fuselage and cockpit windows of the Flying-V are exposed to the flight direction, posing a new challenge to the design and certification of structures in terms of bird strikes. This study is a first step towards understanding the dynamic load path and contribution of each structural element on the bird strike resistance of the Flying-V leading-edge structures. The objective is to propose a building block approach to design the Flying-V's leading edge bird strike crashworthiness that complies with the EASA's certification CS25.631 using a 4lb bird impacted at a sea level cruising speed of 70 m/s. An additional requirement by the authors is to keep the structure within the elastic deformation during the impact of a 4lb bird to avoid the need for repairs in the Flying-V fuselage. Plasticity generated in the structure is regarded as damage and is used as a comparative parameter. At the highest building block level, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the effect of the thickness of each structural element on the plasticity and weight of the leading-edge structures. The trends are used to modify the baseline design and achieve a reduction of 80% of the plastic energy. The critical case of a 133 m/s impact of a 4lb bird at the cruise altitude of 37000 ft is also evaluated, and the results show penetration.

Keywords: Aircraft design; Bird strike; Blended wing-body; Crashworthiness; Design; Flying wing; Flying-V; Metallic.