An immune-related gene signature predicts the 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis

Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 23:14:1152117. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152117. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units and is characterized by multiple organ failure, including dysfunction of the immune system. In the present study, we performed an integrative analysis on publicly available datasets to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) that may play vital role in the pathological process of sepsis, based on which a prognostic IRG signature for 28-day mortality prediction in patients with sepsis was developed and validated.

Methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) estimation were used to identify functional IRGs and construct a model for predicting the 28-day mortality. The prognostic value of the model was validated in internal and external sepsis datasets. The correlations of the IRG signature with immunological characteristics, including immune cell infiltration and cytokine expression, were explored. We finally validated the expression of the three IRG signature genes in blood samples from 12 sepsis patients and 12 healthy controls using qPCR.

Results: We established a prognostic IRG signature comprising three gene members (LTB4R, HLA-DMB and IL4R). The IRG signature demonstrated good predictive performance for 28-day mortality on the internal and external validation datasets. The immune infiltration and cytokine analyses revealed that the IRG signature was significantly associated with multiple immune cells and cytokines. The molecular pathway analysis uncovered ontology enrichment in myeloid cell differentiation and iron ion homeostasis, providing clues regarding the underlying biological mechanisms of the IRG signature. Finally, qPCR detection verified the differential expression of the three IRG signature genes in blood samples from 12 sepsis patients and 12 healthy controls.

Discussion: This study presents an innovative IRG signature for 28-day mortality prediction in sepsis patients, which may be used to facilitate stratification of risky sepsis patients and evaluate patients' immune state.

Keywords: immune-related genes; integrative analysis; prognosis; sepsis; transcriptomic profile.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cytokines
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Genes, MHC Class II*
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Humans
  • Sepsis* / diagnosis
  • Sepsis* / genetics

Substances

  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Cytokines

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC0119600), National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (No. 81900730), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072200), Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province (No. ZDKJ202004), and Translational Medicine Research Program of PLA General Hospital (No. 2018TM-06). The funders of the study had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or writing of the report.