Modified Graphite Pencil Electrode Based on Graphene Oxide-Modified Fe3O4 for Ferrocene-Mediated Electrochemical Detection of Hemoglobin

Abdelaziz Elgamouz; Abdel-Nasser Kawde; Ihsan A Shehadi; Sareh Sayari; Sarah Ali Abdullah Mohammed; Aya Abdelrazeq; Chahlaa Naser Nassab; Ayman A AbdelHamid; Kamrul Hasan

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07023

Modified Graphite Pencil Electrode Based on Graphene Oxide-Modified Fe₃O₄ for Ferrocene-Mediated Electrochemical Detection of Hemoglobin

ACS Omega. 2023 Mar 24;8(13):11880-11888. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07023. eCollection 2023 Apr 4.

Authors

Abdelaziz Elgamouz¹, Abdel-Nasser Kawde¹, Ihsan A Shehadi¹, Sareh Sayari¹, Sarah Ali Abdullah Mohammed¹, Aya Abdelrazeq¹, Chahlaa Naser Nassab¹, Ayman A AbdelHamid¹, Kamrul Hasan¹

Affiliation

¹ Pure and Applied Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.

Abstract

This study describes the synthesis of graphene oxide-modified magnetite (rGO/Fe₃O₄) and its use as an electrochemical sensor for the quantitative detection of hemoglobin (Hb). rGO is characterized by a 2θ peak at 10.03° in its X-ray diffraction, 1353 and 1586 cm^-1 vibrations in Raman spectroscopy, while scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy of rGO and rGO/Fe₃O₄ revealed the presence of microplate structures in both materials and high presence of iron in rGO/Fe₃O₄ with 50 wt %. The modified graphite pencil electrode, GPE/rGO/Fe₃O₄, is characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Higher electrochemical surface area is obtained when the GPE is modified with rGO/Fe₃O₄. Linear scan voltammetry is used to quantify Hb at the surface of the sensor using ferrocene (FC) as an electrochemical amplifier. Linear response for Hb is obtained in the 0.1-1.8 μM range with a regression coefficient of 0.995, a lower limit of detection of 0.090 μM, and a limit of quantitation of 0.28 μM. The sensor was free from interferents and successfully used to sense Hb in human urine. Due to the above-stated qualities, the GPE/rGO/Fe₃O₄ electrode could be a potential competitive sensor for trace quantities of Hb in physiological media.