The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the coxsackie virus [hand foot and mouth disease] in India

Nutan A Chavan; Mallika Lavania; Pooja Shinde; Rima Sahay; Madhuri Joshi; Pragya D Yadav; Sanjaykumar Tikute; Rishabh Waghchaure; M Ashok; Anjli Gupta; Mahima Mittal; Vikram Khan; Bashir A Fomda; Muneer Ahmad; Ved Pratap Tiwari; Pralhad Pote; Ashish Ramchandra Dhongade; Aroop Mohanty; Kriti Mohan; Manish Kumar; Anchala Bhardwaj

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105432

The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the coxsackie virus [hand foot and mouth disease] in India

Infect Genet Evol. 2023 Jul:111:105432. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105432. Epub 2023 Apr 7.

Authors

Nutan A Chavan¹, Mallika Lavania², Pooja Shinde¹, Rima Sahay³, Madhuri Joshi¹, Pragya D Yadav³, Sanjaykumar Tikute¹, Rishabh Waghchaure¹, M Ashok⁴, Anjli Gupta⁵, Mahima Mittal⁶, Vikram Khan⁷, Bashir A Fomda⁸, Muneer Ahmad⁸, Ved Pratap Tiwari⁹, Pralhad Pote¹⁰, Ashish Ramchandra Dhongade¹¹, Aroop Mohanty⁶, Kriti Mohan⁶, Manish Kumar⁶, Anchala Bhardwaj⁶

Affiliations

¹ Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
² Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: mallikalavania@gmail.com.
³ Maximum Containment Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
⁴ NIV, Bangalore Unit, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, S.P. Medical College Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁷ Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme [IDSP], UT Dadar Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, India.
⁸ Department of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K, India.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, India.
¹⁰ Noble hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
¹¹ Shaishav Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

PMID: 37030587
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105432

Abstract

Outbreaks of HFMD in children aged <5 years have been reported worldwide and the major causative agents are Coxsackievirus (CV) A16, enterovirus (EV)-A71 and recently CVA6. In India, HFMD is a disease that is not commonly reported. The purpose of the study was to identify the enterovirus type(s) associated with large outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease during COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Four hundred and twenty five clinical samples from 196-suspected cases were collected from different parts of the country. This finding indicated the emergence of CVA6 in HFMD along with CVA16, soon after the gradual easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions during-pandemic COVID-19 and the relevance of continued surveillance of circulating enterovirus types in the post-COVID pandemic era.

Keywords: Coxsackievirus A-16; Coxsackievirus A-6; Enterovirus; HFMD; India; Tomato flu.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

COVID-19* / epidemiology
Child
China / epidemiology
Disease Outbreaks
Enterovirus Infections* / epidemiology
Enterovirus* / genetics
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease* / epidemiology
Humans
India / epidemiology
Pandemics