Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases

Angelo Armandi; Elisabetta Bugianesi

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018

Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases

Clin Liver Dis. 2023 May;27(2):239-250. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018. Epub 2023 Feb 26.

Authors

Angelo Armandi¹, Elisabetta Bugianesi²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.
² Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy. Electronic address: elisabetta.bugianesi@unito.it.

PMID: 37024205
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018

Abstract

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The risk is partially due to shared risk factors, but it may vary according to liver injury. A fatty liver may induce an atherogenic profile, the local necro-inflammatory changes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may enhance systemic metabolic inflammation, and fibrogenesis can run parallel in the liver and in the myocardium and precedes heart failure. The detrimental impact of a Western diet combines with polymorphisms in genes associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Shared clinical/diagnostic algorithms are needed to manage the cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiac remodeling; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Gene polymorphisms; Gut dysbiosis; Heart failure; NAFLD.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cardiovascular Diseases* / complications
Heart Failure* / complications
Heart Failure* / metabolism
Humans
Liver / metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* / diagnosis
Risk Factors