Transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated children: a longitudinal CBCT study

Abstract

Objectives: Currently available reports on mandibular transverse growth are limited to two-dimensional images and cross-sectional studies. The objective of this study was to examine transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated growing individuals during the mixed dentition stage using longitudinal three-dimensional imaging.

Methods: CBCT images of 25 (13 females and 12 males) untreated subjects at two time points were analyzed. The average age was 9.1 years at T1 and 11.3 years at T2. Mandibular segmentation and superimposition were performed to obtain linear and angular measurements at different axial levels.

Results: At the superior (mental foramen) axial level, transverse growth between the buccal surfaces gradually increased from the premolars to the ramus. At the inferior axial level, significant transverse growth differences were detected between the ramus and the dentition regions. In contrast, between the lingual surfaces, both superior and inferior levels showed minimal change in the region under the dentition and a significant amount of resorption in the ramus region. This difference between buccal and lingual surface changes led to a mandibular body angulation change in the premolar and molar regions. In contrast, the overall mandibular body angulation measured from the posterior-most border of the mandible to the symphysis remained the same. Differences were detected between males and females, with males tending to exhibit greater transverse growth in the ramus region at the inferior level.

Conclusions: The mandibular body exhibited different transverse growth patterns at different axial levels. Differences were also found between genders.

Clinical relevance: An in-depth understanding of craniofacial growth and development is crucial to diagnosis and treatment planning. The current study provides additional insight into the transverse growth of the mandible.

Keywords: CBCT; Growth and development; Longitudinal; Mandible; Transverse.