Anti-inflammaging effects of vitamin D in human gingival fibroblasts with advanced glycation end product stimulation

Hung-Chieh Lu; Taichen Lin; Min Yee Ng; Chang-Wei Hsieh; Yi-Wen Liao; Chun-Cheng Chen; Cheng-Chia Yu; Chun-Jung Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.003

Anti-inflammaging effects of vitamin D in human gingival fibroblasts with advanced glycation end product stimulation

J Dent Sci. 2023 Apr;18(2):666-673. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.003. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

Authors

Hung-Chieh Lu¹, Taichen Lin^{1

2}, Min Yee Ng¹, Chang-Wei Hsieh³, Yi-Wen Liao^{4

5}, Chun-Cheng Chen^{1

2}, Cheng-Chia Yu^{1

2

5}, Chun-Jung Chen^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
² Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
³ Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁵ Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁶ Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.

Abstract

Background/purpose: :Both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) are long-term inflammatory disorders that are highly prevalent and have a significant health impact. Inflammaging, a state of pre-aging and hyperinflammatory state has been acknowledged for its role in DM patients to have heightened risk of periodontitis. Numerous evidences revealed that inflammaging contributed by cell senescence, acceleration of inflammation and oxidative stress participates in the destruction of periodontium in DM. Abilities of vitamin D in suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress have been revealed in a range of tissues, however in DM's gingival cells, the effect remain undefined.

Materials and methods: : Under the stimulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), we assessed the cell proliferation in human gingival fibroblast (HGF), IL-6 and IL-8 secretions, cellular senescence expression and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with or without vitamin D intervention. Following that, we examined the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 to see if vitamin D was able to modulate the anti-oxidant signaling. A knockdown experiment was then conducted to proof the participation of Nrf2 on the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8.

Results: : Following the treatment of vitamin D, AGEs-elicited IL-6 and IL-8 production and cell senescence were dose-dependently repressed. Moreover, vitamin D attenuated AGEs-induced ROS in a dose-dependent pattern. Results from qRT-PCR demonstrated vitamin D reversed the suppression of Nrf2 and HO-1 induced by AGEs. Our findings revealed that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect in vitamin D was mediated via the upregulation of Nrf2 expression.

Conclusion: : These data showed that high levels of AGEs in the gingiva lead to inflammaging reflected by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell senescence expression and oxidative stress. Vitamin D supplementation can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation via the upregulation of Nrf2 signaling and hence, may be a potential approach for treatment of diabetes-associated periodontitis.

Keywords: Advanced glycation end products; Periodontitis; Vitamin D.