Overall Clinical Features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Respect to Gender

Javeria Ali; Syed Muhammad Safi Haider; Syed Mushhood Ali; Taimur Haider; Adnan Anwar; Atif A Hashmi

doi:10.7759/cureus.35771

Overall Clinical Features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Respect to Gender

Cureus. 2023 Mar 4;15(3):e35771. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35771. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Javeria Ali¹, Syed Muhammad Safi Haider², Syed Mushhood Ali¹, Taimur Haider³, Adnan Anwar⁴, Atif A Hashmi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
² Internal Medicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
³ Internal Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Jhang, PAK.
⁴ Physiology, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
⁵ Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK.

Abstract

Introduction Since patients with type 2 diabetes are frequently misdiagnosed, provided inappropriate management, or poorly controlled, it is important to comprehend the wide range of clinical signs and symptoms associated with diabetes. Therefore, this study evaluated the overall clinical manifestations of patients with type 2 diabetes patients with respect to gender. Methods This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that was conducted at various hospitals, using a non-probability sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months, from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The study included 590 type 2 diabetes patients, ranging in age from 35 to 70 years. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, health status, co-morbidities, and diabetes symptoms were documented. A chi-square was applied to determine the association between overall symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes and gender. An independent t-test was applied to determine the significance level between means of demographic parameters. Results The study findings showed that out of 590 patients with diabetes, 310 (52.5%) were males and 280 (47.5%) were females. The male and female mean ages were 57.46±14.93 and 50.38±14.85 years, respectively, with a statistically significant gender difference (p<0.001). The prevalence of renal manifestation in type 2 patients with diabetes revealed a significant relationship (p<0.05) for both genders. The prevalence of ocular manifestations revealed a significant relationship with both genders (p<0.05) in terms of distortion and blurred vision. The prevalence of ocular manifestations revealed a significant relationship observed with both genders (p<0.05) in terms of shortness of breath, dyspnea severity, and severity of chest pain. Conclusion This study concluded that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a significantly higher frequency of muscular pain, urinary symptoms, neurological symptoms, and dermatological manifestations than men. In contrast, respiratory symptoms were significantly more pronounced in males than in females. The presence of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia significantly increased the probability of developing type 2 diabetes in both genders.

Keywords: comorbidities; dry cracked skin; frequent urination; gender; type 2 diabetes.