Multivariate optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using ionic liquid for the analysis of ultraviolet filters in natural waters

Yan M R Pestana; Érika M L Sousa; Diana L D Lima; Lanna K Silva; Jeiza F Pinheiro; Eliane R Sousa; Arlan S Freitas; José H G Rangel; Gilmar S Silva

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124469

Multivariate optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using ionic liquid for the analysis of ultraviolet filters in natural waters

Talanta. 2023 Jul 1:259:124469. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124469. Epub 2023 Mar 21.

Authors

Yan M R Pestana¹, Érika M L Sousa², Diana L D Lima³, Lanna K Silva¹, Jeiza F Pinheiro¹, Eliane R Sousa⁴, Arlan S Freitas¹, José H G Rangel¹, Gilmar S Silva¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil.
² CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: erikamsousa@ua.pt.
³ CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Maracanã Campus, Av. dos Curiós, Vila Esperança, São Luis 65095-460, Brazil.

PMID: 37019006
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124469

Abstract

In this work, a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method, using an ionic liquid as the extracting solvent was developed, for the simultaneous analysis of three UV filters in different water samples. The extracting and dispersive solvents were selected in a univariate way. Then, the parameters such as the volume of the extracting and dispersive solvents, pH and ionic strength were evaluated using a full experimental design 2⁴, followed by Doehlert matrix. The optimized method consisted of 50 μL of extracting solvent (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), 700 μL of dispersive solvent (acetonitrile) and pH of 4.5. When combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, the method limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 μg L^-1, enrichment factors between 81 and 101%, and the relative standard deviation between 5.8 and 10.0%. The developed method demonstrated effectiveness in concentrating UV filters in both river and seawater samples, being a simple and efficient option for this type of analysis.

Keywords: Doehlert matrix; Friendly solvents; Full factorial experimental design; Microextraction; Water samples.