Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping

Cheryl Yunn Shee Foo; Alvin Kuowei Tay; Yexinyu Yang; Helen Verdeli

doi:10.1186/s13031-023-00512-1

Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping

Confl Health. 2023 Apr 3;17(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13031-023-00512-1.

Authors

Cheryl Yunn Shee Foo^{1

2}, Alvin Kuowei Tay³, Yexinyu Yang⁴, Helen Verdeli⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University of New York, 525 W 120 St, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA. cf2635@tc.columbia.edu.
² MGH Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Bowdoin St, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. cf2635@tc.columbia.edu.
³ The Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
⁴ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Ave, Room 243, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
⁵ Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University of New York, 525 W 120 St, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Abstract

Background: While trauma exposure is an established predictor of poor mental health among humanitarian aid workers (HAWs), less is known about the role of psychosocial work-related factors. This study aims to establish a psychosocial model for burnout and psychological distress in HAWs that tests and compares the effects of adversity exposure and workplace stressors in combination, and explores the potential mediating role of individual coping styles.

Methods: Path analysis and model comparison using cross-sectional online survey data were collected from full-time international and local HAWs in Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021. HAWs self-reported on exposure to adversities, workplace psychosocial stressors (Third Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), coping styles (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey), and psychological distress (Kessler-6).

Results: Among N = 111 HAWs, 30.6%, 16.4%, 12.7%, and 8.2% screened positive for moderate psychological distress (8 ≤ Kessler-6 ≤ 12), emotional exhaustion (EE ≥ 27), depersonalization (DP ≥ 13), and severe psychological distress (K-6 ≥ 13), respectively. 28.8% reported a history of mental disorder. The preferred model showed distinct pathways from adversity exposure and workplace stressors to burnout, with negative emotion-focused coping and psychological distress as significant intervening variables. While greater exposure to both types of stressors were associated with higher levels of burnout and distress, workplace stressors had a stronger association with psychological outcomes than adversity exposure did (β = .52, p ≤ .001 vs. β = .20, p = .032). Workplace stressors, but not adversities, directly influenced psychological distress (β = .45, p ≤ .001 vs. β = -.01, p = .927). Demographic variables, task-focused and avoidance-focused coping were not significantly associated with psychological outcomes.

Conclusions: Compared to exposure to adversities, workplace stressors primarily influenced occupational stress syndromes. Reducing workplace stressors and enhancing adaptive coping may improve psychological outcomes in humanitarian staff.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Burnout; Coping; Humanitarian aid; Mental health; Occupational health; Path analysis; Psychosocial; Workplace stress.