Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Xin-Xin Chen; Songlin Qiao; Rui Li; Jing Wang; Xuewu Li; Gaiping Zhang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449

Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 17:14:1140449. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xin-Xin Chen¹, Songlin Qiao¹, Rui Li¹, Jing Wang¹, Xuewu Li¹, Gaiping Zhang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Abstract

During the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, viruses have developed various strategies for overcoming host immunological defenses so that they can proliferate efficiently. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant virus to the swine industry across the world, typically establishes prolonged infection via diverse and complicated mechanisms, which is one of the biggest obstacles for controlling the associated disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In this review, we summarize the latest research on how PRRSV circumvents host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this virus utilizes other evasion mechanisms, such as the manipulation of host apoptosis and microRNA. A thorough understanding of the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will help with the development of novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV.

Keywords: adaptive immunity; immune evasion; innate immunity; miRNA; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (222300420467), Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant no. 2020JQ06), National Natural Science Funds (32172875), the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-35), and the Pig Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project of Henan Province (HARS-22-12-S).