Objective: To analyze the level of PCDD/Fs exposure of occupational workers in the waste incineration industry and explore the risk of occupational exposure. Methods: In September 2021, literature on environmental PCDD/Fs exposure in waste incineration plants published from the establishment of the database to February 10, 2021 was retrieved from CNKI database. A total of 1365 literatures were retrieved, and 7 met the criteria for inclusion. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk model was used to assess and analyze carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs exposure among occupational workers in the waste incineration industry. Results: A total of 86 sampling sites were included in incineration plants in 7 regions. The study of Wuhan area showed that the concentration of working environment near the waste incinerator in the same factory was the highest, followed by the rest and office area in the factory. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in waste incinerators was the highest in Southwest China (4880.00-24880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)), and the lowest in Shenzhen (0.02-0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)). According to the cancer risk assessment, with the increase of exposure years, the risk of cancer increased. The highest risk of cancer was found in the waste incineration plants in Southwest China. When the exposure period was 1 year, the risk was moderate (22.40×10(-6)-114.20×10(-6)). When the exposure time was more than 5 years, the risk of cancer was high. In Jinan, workers working near the incinerator had a moderate risk of cancer after five years of exposure. In Zhejiang, workers were at medium risk of cancer after exposure for more than 20 years. Workers in Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta were still at low risk of cancer after 40 years of occupational exposure. HQ>1 of workers working near the waste incinerators in Jinan, Zhejiang Province and Southwest China, and the qualitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was unacceptable. Conclusion: There are great differences in PCDD/Fs of occupational exposure in waste incineration industry, and the occupational exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit has higher carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks.
目的： 分析垃圾焚烧行业作业工人暴露二噁英类化合物（PCDD/Fs）水平，探讨职业暴露的风险。 方法： 于2021年9月，在中国知网数据库检索建库至2021年2月10日发表的垃圾焚烧厂内环境PCDD/Fs暴露的文献。共检索到文献1 365篇，最终符合纳入条件的文献7篇。应用美国环境保护署（EPA）吸入风险模型评估垃圾焚烧行业工人暴露PCDD/Fs的致癌和非致癌风险并进行分析。 结果： 纳入7个地区的垃圾焚烧厂，共计86个采样点。武汉地区研究显示同一厂区内垃圾焚烧炉旁作业环境浓度最高，厂区休息和办公区次之。西南地区厂区焚烧炉PCDD/Fs浓度最高（4 880.00~24 880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)），深圳最低（0.02~0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)）。吸入超额个人风险评估显示，随着暴露时间增加，致癌风险呈现升高趋势。西南地区垃圾焚烧厂炉旁作业工人致癌风险最高，当暴露时间为1年时，风险值为22.40×10(-6)~114.20×10(-6)，属于中致癌风险；暴露5年以上达到高致癌风险。济南市垃圾焚烧厂炉旁作业工人在暴露5年后风险达中致癌风险，浙江省垃圾焚烧厂炉旁作业工人在暴露超20年后风险属于中致癌风险。武汉市、上海市、浙江省、深圳市和珠三角地区垃圾焚烧企业工人经过40年职业暴露仍为低致癌风险。济南市、浙江省和西南地区垃圾焚烧企业炉旁作业工人的HQ>1，定性评价结果为非致癌风险不可接受。 结论： 垃圾焚烧行业职业暴露PCDD/Fs差异较大，超过职业接触限值的职业暴露致癌和非致癌风险较高。.
Keywords: Occupational diseases; Occupational exposure; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDDs; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs; Quantitative risk assessment; Waste incineration.